Today, India’s entire 1.3 billion population lives in areas where the annual average particulate pollution level exceeds the WHO air quality guidelines. About 63 percent of the population live in areas that exceed India’s own national air quality standard of 40 µg/m3, informs Akanksha Rai, the program manager of environmental health at Vital Strategies. It is also a major health concern in both urban and rural parts of India and kills more than 16 lakh people every year. Household air pollution alone causes at least 20-50 percent of ambient PM2.5 in India. The prevalent use of biomass for cooking and heating significantly contributes to household air pollution. This pollution poses significant health risks, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respiratory infections, heightened rates of preterm births, heart attacks, strokes and various other health issues across all age groups. A 2020 study by the WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC, concluded that, “there is strong evidence that household burning of biomass and kerosene fuels, especially using stoves without a chimney, increases the risk of developing several cancers of the digestive tract.” She further added that “women and children bear a disproportionate burden of household air pollution, facing increased risks from accidents related to cooking and lighting with open fires." Additionally, nearly half of all pneumonia deaths in children under five result from inhaling soot within their homes. Exposure to pollutants can also impair cognitive development, leading to developmental delays, behavioural issues and reduced IQ in children. Those dependent on unclean fuels not only face higher risks of noncommunicable diseases but also struggle with financial challenges, covering medical expenses, and lost work hours due to illness. According to the World Health Organisation, girls in households using unclean fuels spend 15 to 30 hours per week gathering wood or water, placing them at a disadvantage compared to households with access to clean fuels and their male counterparts. Given these challenges, it is imperative to not only raise awareness among affected communities about the health risks associated with traditional cooking methods but also to encourage sustained adoption of clean cooking solutions. Such solutions must not only be environmentally sustainable but also economically feasible for low-income households.” Also Read: Witness the fusion of semi-classical and folk music at this performance in Bandra Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana program made unprecedented efforts by giving access to clean household energy to more than 100 million homes. However, for universal access it is essential to further expand the access of LPG to more beneficiaries and ensure sustained use of LPG by households that have access to it. As India advances towards universal household electrification, integrating electricity for cooking and heating will be key within the national policy framework for promoting clean cooking practices. While progress has been made in mitigating air pollution, comprehensive action is needed at all levels. We need more emphasis on behaviour change and communicating the health consequences of air pollution, primarily due to its classification as an environmental issue rather than a health concern. Engaging the health sector is essential for implementing effective solutions, including raising awareness, integrating environmental perspectives into health programming, advocating for clean energy and facilitating inter-ministerial convergence to prioritize public health in air pollution policies. The most impactful and enduring health gains stem from public health policies and preventative measures, including air quality monitoring and emission reduction at the source. Moreover, effective risk communication is essential for empowering individuals and communities to make informed decisions to mitigate their exposure to air pollution and safeguard their well-being. The National Programme for Human Health and Climate Change (NPCCH), led by the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) is taking an important step in this direction by integrating climate action into routine health sector preparedness activities for strengthening overall health-systems resilience to address air pollution and other climate change impacts. It is important to increase awareness of the direct impact of air pollution on individual and familial health, thereby fostering a sense of urgency and personal relevance. Integrating this messaging seamlessly into public health awareness campaigns can effectively engage communities and catalyse behavioural change. Emphasizing that not all natural resources are inherently safe, despite common perceptions, can challenge misconceptions and motivate households to adopt cleaner cooking solutions. Health professionals working in the field, who engage with various communities daily, are uniquely positioned to understand and address the direct impacts of air pollution on public health. Sharing health information emphasising the effects of air pollution and advocating specific actions can help mitigate exposure and minimize health risks. Coupled with policy measures at regional and national levels, significant progress can be made in improving air quality and safeguarding population health. Achieving cleaner air for all in India requires targeted interventions to address the root causes of pollution exposure at the population level, and a commitment to prioritizing the health of women and children through the involvement of health champions. This collective effort can create healthier, more resilient communities and ensure a safer and brighter future for all, added Rai.
17 March,2024 01:05 PM IST | Mumbai | mid-day online correspondentEarly detection is crucial for boosting treatment for endometriosis, often dismissed as painful periods, according to experts on Sunday. Endometriosis is a painful gynaecological condition that affects roughly 190 million girls and women of reproductive age worldwide. About 43 million women in India suffer from endometriosis. Although there is currently no known way to prevent endometriosis, early diagnosis, and management can help slow down "the natural progression of the disease and reduce the long-term burden of its symptoms, including possibly the risk of central nervous system pain sensitisation", as per the World Health Organization (WHO). "The symptoms of endometriosis can vary from person to person and may not correlate with the severity of endometriosis. Most women with endometriosis tend to have painful periods which may be attributed to the normal menstrual cramps and diagnosis is often delayed," Gayathri D Kamath, Senior Consultant, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fortis Hospitals, Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore, told IANS. Gayathri said that excessive pain during menstruation (dysmenorrhea), painful intercourse (dyspareunia), chronic pelvic pain, severe backache, or constant painful urge to defecate during and around periods are some of the red flags. In addition, difficulty getting pregnant (infertility) can also be associated with endometriosis. There has been some evidence to show that endometriosis can, in some cases, raise the risk of endometrial cancer. "Endometrial cancer incidence and disease-associated mortality are rising worldwide, including in India and among younger women," Vicky Makker, MD, Gynecologic Oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), told IANS. "This underscores the importance of awareness and early detection efforts." The doctor also called for recognising the risk factors associated with endometrial cancer, "including early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity and genetic syndromes." Hormone therapy may help ease endometriosis symptoms, but surgery (laparoscopy) may be a better treatment option. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
17 March,2024 12:18 PM IST | Mumbai | IANSUsing hormonal birth control may raise the risk of depression and suicide, said billionaire Elon Musk on Sunday, calling out on the need to understand women's health. “It is important that women know the effects of hormonal birth control, as it is a significant cause of depression and increases suicide risk,” Musk wrote in a post on X. Noting that it's “not a value statement” but “a public service announcement” the SpaceX founder said that “other forms of birth control do not have these effects.” He posted the comments while sharing the X post of US television commentator and author Ashley St. Clair. “I’ve never been on anti-birth control, it can be a life-changing medication for some. However, it does have serious side effects including increased risk of depression and suicide,” she wrote in the post. “When women talk to their doctors about these symptoms, doctors never suggest getting off of the pill or trying alternative, non-hormonal birth control. They typically just prescribe an additional psychiatric medication, put women on a pharmaceutical cocktail,” she added. Hormonal contraceptive methods majorly include oral pills or implants, patches or vaginal rings, which release small amounts of one or more hormones to prevent ovulation. Other methods of contraception include intrauterine devices (IUDs) devices, and condoms. Several studies have pointed out the risk of depression with hormonal birth control, however, proper research is still lacking. The studies have stressed the role of care providers in making women aware of the potential risk of depression as a side-effect of the medicine. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
17 March,2024 11:41 AM IST | Mumbai | IANS
International Sleep Day, also known as World Sleep Day, is observed annually on the Friday before the Spring Equinox. The purpose of this day is to raise awareness about the importance of sleep and its role in maintaining good health.Whether you are a light sleeper or a heavy sleeper, this day is a reminder to prioritise your sleep and take steps to ensure that you get the rest you need to stay healthy and happy. On International Sleep Day, we speak to Integrative lifestyle expert Luke Coutinho who delves into how sleep impacts your overall physical and cognitive health, shares tips, and more. How does deep sleep impact cognitive function and productivity?Coutinho: Deep sleep has every connection with impaired cognitive function and productivity. Every other consultation of mine is with a patient who is sleep-deprived, and at least 1 out of 4 of them is suffering from brain fog, grogginess, headaches, low mood, and memory issues due to this. They blame it on age, and while it's normal for every organ to undergo a gradual decline in its function, the fact is that even young men and women are going through this too.When talking about productivity, we chase time management, the Pomodoro technique, enhancing focus, cutting out distractions, and guzzling beverages like tea or coffee to ‘alert’ our brain. And while all of that is fine, we seldom tap into a deep rest. Also Read: World Sleep Day 2024: Sleeping naked is good for health? Expert lists down surprising benefits Ever experienced how hard it gets to think, execute, innovate, memorise, and just be in a positive frame of mind with even one night of less sleep? Hence, our capacity to manage emotions and anxiety the next day decreases. What does this mean? There is power in sleep. What is the connection between deep sleep and creativity?Coutinho: We are likely to wake up with brain fog, forgetfulness, and grogginess when we are sleep-deprived, which can ultimately lead to a lack of creativity and productivity. While we can go on consuming walnuts, omega-3, and other brain-boosting syrups and concoctions to enhance our cognitive health, we also need to take a step back and ask ourselves: Am I sleeping well enough?Research has revealed the deep interrelation between chronic sleep loss and declining brain function. While we may put sleep on the back burner to attain more, work more, and earn more, our body isn't concerned about our social or professional commitments. It needs sleep, which is the fundamental requirement of our body. What physiological processes occur during deep sleep that support cognitive function?Coutinho: Have you ever wondered when your brain detoxes? And when does it clean itself up of all the residues and wastes? The brain is not an elimination organ, but every organ has its wastes, and the brain has an interesting mechanism of swiping itself clean when we are in deep sleep. There is nothing much, just the fundamentals so our body’s intelligence can defend us. Our brain undergoes crucial cleansing processes while we sleep. Just like the lymphatic system, which is our body’s garbage disposal unit, our brain has a cleverly designed glymphatic system that aids in getting rid of its metabolic wastes from distress, over analysing, and information overload. Our brain is continuously producing these toxins, and an overload of these can cause mental exhaustion. And what activates the glymphatic system? Deep sleep. Also Read: Fixing sleep cycle crucial to dodge diabetes, obesity, heart diseases: Doctors When we sleep, our brain shrinks, and that is a good thing because it then creates space for the cerebrospinal fluid to enter and wash out the wastes and protein particles such as beta-amyloid plaques found in the brain of an Alzheimer's patient. Excess beta-amyloid plaque formation and accumulation intrude the communication between neurons, causing memory loss, slurring of speech, slow movements, hesitation, and more. Toxins breed disease, and it is the same case with your brain. How does the quality of deep sleep affect problem-solving abilities?Coutinho: We are likely to wake up with a lesser threshold and resiliency towards stress when we are sleep-deprived. We are more vulnerable to things, emotions, and situations and even the slightest things can trigger us or make us irritable and snappy. Our body is more likely to ‘react’ than ‘respond’. Our actions are mostly driven out of emotions, rather than from a space of thinking and rationality. We become more problem-oriented than solution-oriented. How does deep sleep contribute to memory consolidation and learning, and how does this affect productivity?Coutinho: Deep sleep acts as a backstage crew for memory and learning, playing a key role in boosting productivity. Picture your brain during deep sleep like a busy workshop. Different teams (neurotransmitters and hippocampus) work together, solidifying memories and strengthening the brain's circuits for learning.In a recent study in 2023, researchers found that during deep sleep, your brain fine-tunes these memory-related activities. Think of it as a rehearsal where your brain practices and strengthens connections, making memories stick around longer. Also Read: ‘Should I take the HPV vaccine?’ When you wake up, this well-rehearsed brain is ready for action. Your memory is sharper, processing information becomes quicker, and problem-solving gets a boost. So, deep sleep isn't just a snooze; it's like a superhero for your brain, gearing it up to tackle the challenges of the day and supercharging your productivity. Are there any specific stages of deep sleep that are particularly important for productivity and creativity?Coutinho: While all stages of deep sleep contribute to overall cognitive function, research suggests that the third stage, known as slow-wave sleep (SWS), is particularly crucial for productivity and creativity. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) is the specific stage of deep sleep that is often considered particularly important for productivity and creativity. Also known as deep sleep, this stage typically occurs in the first half of the night during a full sleep cycle. It's most prevalent during the earlier part of the night, particularly in the first three sleep cycles. SWS is characterised by slow and high-amplitude brain waves, reflecting the deep and restorative nature of this sleep stage.During SWS, the brain engages in synchronised neural activities that play a role in memory consolidation, learning, and problem-solving skills. This stage is believed to be essential for refreshing and optimising cognitive abilities, and creative mindset, and enhancing productivity when individuals are awake.This goes to say how important it is to focus on the quality of sleep so we can sleep deep enough to be able to reach this crucial stage. How does deep sleep influence mood regulation, stress reduction, and subsequently, productivity?Coutinho: Deep sleep significantly influences mood regulation, stress reduction, and, consequently, productivity. During this crucial sleep stage, the body releases growth hormone, which aids in physical restoration and the repair of cells. Simultaneously, the brain engages in activities that contribute to emotional processing and regulation. Research has shown that deep sleep plays a role in regulating mood by influencing neurotransmitter levels. Adequate deep sleep helps maintain a balanced production of serotonin and other mood-regulating chemicals, contributing to emotional well-being. Moreover, deep sleep is a key player in stress reduction. It allows the body to recover from daily stressors, both physical and psychological, through hormonal balance and the restoration of energy reserves. This stress-reducing effect has a ripple effect on mood, promoting a more positive and stable emotional state when we wake up the next day When individuals consistently achieve deep sleep, they are better equipped to manage stress, maintain a positive mood, and, ultimately, enhance their productivity during waking hours. What strategies can individuals employ to improve the depth and quality of their sleep for better productivity and creativity?Coutinho: A key element for achieving deep and restful sleep is maintaining a consistent bedtime and wake-up time. This helps manage the circadian rhythm, aligning the body's internal clock with natural light-dark cycles. Establishing a routine improves the quality of sleep by promoting a stable sleep-wake cycle, enhancing overall sleep hygiene, and contributing to a more restorative rest. You want to keep your wake-up and bedtime as consistent as possible. An erratic timing will never allow our body to set a routine, which is everything for a sound sleep. What practical steps can individuals take to prioritise deep sleep while maintaining a balance between work and personal life?Coutinho: Adequate deep sleep enhances memory consolidation, problem-solving skills, and overall mental clarity, contributing directly to on-the-job efficiency and effectiveness. Prioritising deep sleep requires a proactive approach and personal responsibility to work on habits and the way we plan out our day. I always tell corporate employees that you do not have 24 hours in a day. You have 24 minus 8 hours because you want to set aside at least 8 hours for that deep rest. Now plan out your day, meetings, work, workout time, leisure time, and entertainment within those 16 hours. If we do not do that, unfortunately, our sleep bears the brunt. Here are practical tips for prioritising deep sleep while maintaining work-life balance:Set clear boundariesEstablish physical and mental boundaries at work to delineate professional time from personal time. Effective time managementPrioritise tasks, allocate specific time slots for work and adhere to a well-structured schedule. Minimise distractionsIdentify and minimise time-wasting activities or distractions during work hours for improved productivity. Disconnect ritualDevelop a ritual to transition from work to personal time, such as a brief walk or a calming routine to signal the end of the workday. Conducive sleep environmentCreate a comfortable and conducive sleep environment with proper lighting, comfortable bedding, and a cool room temperature. Relaxation techniquesIncorporate relaxation techniques before bedtime, such as deep breathing or meditation, to promote a calm state conducive to deep sleep. But it all starts with an individual responsibility and prioritising sleep. If sleep is given a high value, all of the above is attainable. If sleep is thought to be a waste of time, none of these tips will ever work. Start with a mindset change, first.
17 March,2024 08:06 AM IST | Mumbai | Maitrai AgarwalA recent study titled "A meta-analysis of previous falls and subsequent fracture risk in cohort studies" found links between self-reported falls and increased fracture risk, as well as a slightly greater risk of fracture in men than in women. Published in Osteoporosis International, this international meta-analysis of data pooled from 46 prospective cohorts comprising over 900,000 individuals also recommended that previous falls are a factor that should be included in patients' histories used by fracture risk assessment tools like the FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment) Tool to calculate a person's likelihood of getting a fracture over the next decade. FRAX is the most commonly used assessment to predict fracture risk. "FRAX was developed using longitudinal data from studies around the world. Although previous falls have long been recognised as a significant risk factor for fractures, until now, they have not been factored into the FRAX algorithm," said Douglas P. Kiel, M.D., MPH, director of the Musculoskeletal Research Center and senior scientist at the Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife, a nonprofit, Harvard Medical School affiliated institution. "In this newly updated FRAX dataset, previous falls were included as a risk factor and were found to increase the risk for fracture. These findings underscore that falls are an important contributor to fracture in both men and women, but interestingly, slightly more in men." Key findings of the meta-analysis include Increased Fracture Risk: Individuals with a history of falls within the past year were found to have a significantly higher risk of any clinical fracture, osteoporotic fracture, major osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture. One or more previous falls were significantly associated with an increased risk of death among women and men. Sex Disparities: The association between previous falls and fracture risk was observed to vary by sex, with men exhibiting higher predictive values compared to women. Independent Risk Factor: The increased fracture risk linked to previous falls was largely independent of bone mineral density, emphasizing the standalone significance of falls as a risk factor. A previous fall in the past year confers a significantly increased risk of any clinical fracture, osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture with the increase in risk varying between 36 per cent and 59 per cent depending on the fracture outcome and sex. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating previous falls into the FRAX algorithm," Dr. Kiel added. Integrating this information into tools like FRAX can enhance their predictive accuracy and ultimately help healthcare providers to more accurately predict fracture risk and tailor preventive strategies accordingly to improve patient outcomes. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
16 March,2024 05:53 PM IST | Massachusetts | ANIGlaucoma, the third most common cause of blindness in India is rising significantly, especially among young adults, said doctors here on Saturday. World Glaucoma Week is celebrated every year from March 10 - 16, to raise awareness about the importance of early detection and treatment of glaucoma. According to various independent studies, reports and data by hospitals, glaucoma-related blindness continues to rise in India due lack of awareness and delay in detection. In many cases, about 90 per cent of the time in India, the disease goes undetected. "Akin to new lifestyle diseases, ophthalmologists are seeing an increasing trend of glaucoma, also known as the silent thief," Dr Abhishek B Dagar, Senior Consultant, Venu Eye Hospital, New Delhi said. "Unlike other eye diseases, glaucoma is asymptomatic till a late stage and by that time visual loss is irreversible," he added. In glaucoma patients, the pressure inside the eyeball rises to an extent that it can lead to damage of the optic nerve which transmits visual information to the brain. If untreated, it can lead to irreversible blindness, the doctor explained. As per the World Health Organisation, glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness across the globe. "Glaucoma (known as kala motia in India), affects nearly 11.2 million people aged 40 and above in India. It's the third common cause of blindness in our country," Dr Abhishek said. Further, Dr Suneeta Dubey, Director Glaucoma Services, Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi told IANS that the disease, while traditionally linked with ageing, can also afflict young individuals. "Young people are more prone to eye inflammation. The causes can be genetic or secondary to conditions like inflammation, steroid usage or trauma," the doctor said. The health experts called for regular eye checkups, as early management can arrest progression of the disease. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
16 March,2024 04:17 PM IST | New Delhi | IANSA new research has found that fatal heart attacks are more likely to happen on a Monday than any other time during the week. The study, presented at the British Cardiovascular Society (BCS) conference in Manchester, UK, found that the likelihood of a heart attack occurring on a Monday was 13 per cent greater than expected. Doctors at the Belfast Health and Social Care Trust and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland analysed data of 10,528 patients across the island of Ireland (7,112 in the Republic of Ireland, 3,416 in Northern Ireland) admitted to hospital between 2013 and 2018 with the most serious type of heart attack known as an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). STEMI occurs when a major coronary artery is completely blocked. The researchers found a spike in rates of STEMI heart attacks at the start of the working week, with rates highest on a Monday. There were also higher rates of STEMI than expected on a Sunday. Scientists have so far been unable to fully explain why this "Blue Monday" phenomenon occurs. Previous studies suggesting that heart attacks are more likely on a Monday have highlighted an association with circadian rhythm -- the body's sleep or wake cycle. "We've found a strong statistical correlation between the start of the working week and the incidence of STEMI. This has been described before but remains a curiosity," said Dr Jack Laffan, a cardiologist who led the research at the Belfast Health and Social Care Trust. "The cause is likely multifactorial, however, based on what we know from previous studies, it is reasonable to presume a circadian element," he added. STEMI requires emergency assessment and treatment to minimise damage to the heart, and this is normally performed with emergency angioplasty -- a procedure to re-open the blocked coronary artery. "This study adds to evidence around the timing of particularly serious heart attacks, but we now need to unpick what it is about certain days of the week that makes them more likely. Doing so could help doctors better understand this deadly condition so we can save more lives in future," said Professor Sir Nilesh Samani, Medical Director at the British Heart Foundation (BHF).Also Read: Do you continuously wear your earphones? Experts insist you need to stop This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
16 March,2024 04:01 PM IST | London | IANS Given the controversy that followed after Indian model Poonam Pandey faked her death to raise awareness against cervical cancer, conversations around whether or not to take the HPV vaccine sprouted among many. However, contemplation has kept us from actually getting our shot. On National Vaccination Day 2024 – a day observed annually on March 16 to raise awareness of the importance of vaccines for protection against deadly diseases – Mid-day.com spoke to gynaecologists who answered common questions we all have had. Dr Madhuri Burande Laha, consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist, Motherhood Hospital, Kharadi, says, “The HPV vaccine, also known as the human papillomavirus vaccine, is a crucial tool in preventing HPV infection and its associated health risks. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that can lead to cervical cancer. Dr Nandita Palshetkar (@drnanditapalshetkar_bloomivf), obstetrician, gynaecologist, director of Bloom IVF India and president of IVF Society of India (ISAR) states, “The HPV vaccine works by triggering the immune system to generate antibodies targeting specific HPV strains. This proactive approach aids in averting infection and lowering the likelihood of HPV-associated conditions like cervical cancer, genital warts, and certain other cancers.” Additionally, Dr Sampada Dessai, consultant, gynaecological cancer and robotic surgeon, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and MRC, Mahim says, “All women should be made aware of the HPV vaccine, their advantages and importance in preventing cervical cancer when taken timely.” The HPV vaccine made its debut in the early 2000s. The inaugural vaccine, Gardasil, was pioneered by Merck & Co. and gained FDA approval in 2006. Subsequently, another vaccine named Cervarix, developed by GlaxoSmithKline, also received regulatory approval. Together, these vaccines have played a crucial role in curtailing the prevalence of HPV-related diseases on a global scale. Also Read: Obesity in women elevates risk of breast and ovarian cancer: Experts The HPV vaccine was first developed and introduced in India in 2008, marking a significant milestone in the country's efforts to combat cervical cancer. Cervavac, developed in India, is a breakthrough HPV vaccine designed to prevent HPV infection and cervical or HPV cancer. The Serum Institute of India develops it. Another company producing HPV vaccines in India is Bharat Biotech which has also been instrumental in preventing HPV infections Laha, Palshetkar and Dessai answer some crucial questions related to HPV vaccines. Are there various types of HPV vaccines? Laha: In India, there are two types of HPV vaccines available that are Cervarix and Gardasil. Both vaccines target the HPV virus. Cervarix offers protection against two high-risk strains of HPV (16 and 18) which are responsible for cervical cancer cases. Gardasil protects against not only HPV 16 and 18 but also against two additional low-risk strains (6 and 11) which cause genital warts. By preventing persistent infection with high-risk HPV types, these vaccines effectively reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer. Palshetkar: There are several types of HPV vaccines available, with the two main categories being: 1. Bivalent HPV vaccine: This targets two high-risk strains of HPV, specifically HPV types 16 and 18. These strains are responsible for the majority of cervical cancers, as well as some other HPV-related cancers. 2. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine: This vaccine targets four HPV types – 6, 11, 16, and 18. Along with protecting against HPV types 16 and 18, associated with cervical cancer, it also provides protection against HPV types 6 and 11, which cause genital warts. 3. Additionally, there is a non valent vaccine that offers extra protection against HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. All these vaccines function similarly by introducing small amounts of harmless HPV proteins (antigens) to the immune system, which triggers the production of antibodies. These antibodies can recognise and remember the specific HPV strains, enabling the immune system to swiftly neutralise the virus upon subsequent exposure, thereby preventing infection or cancer development. Also Read: Caffeine Awareness Month: How much coffee should you have in a day? How much does a single dose of HPV vaccine cost? Laha: The cost of a single dose of the HPV vaccine in India can range from Rs. 2000 to Rs. 4000, making it unaffordable for many women. This poses a significant barrier to accessing this crucial preventive measure against cervical cancer. To make the HPV vaccine more accessible and affordable to all Indian women, there is a critical need for increased awareness campaigns highlighting the importance of vaccination in preventing cervical cancer. Palshetkar: The cost of a single dose of the HPV vaccine in India can vary, influenced by factors like the vaccine type, manufacturer, and administration location (government vs. private healthcare facilities). Typically, prices range from a few hundred to a few thousand Indian rupees. However, accessibility and affordability of the HPV vaccine remain significant challenges for many Indian women. Dessai: The single dose cost of the HPV vaccine varies as per the type. Gardasil-4 costs around Rs 4000, Gardasil-9 around 10,000 whereas Cervavac costs around Rs 2000 per dose. It is easily available at doctor’s clinics, community health clinics, school-based health centres and public and private hospitals. In specific districts of certain states like Punjab, Sikkim, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra, the government has announced free HPV vaccination for school girls. Currently, India lacks a national immunisation program for carcinoma cervix eradication. Who should take the HPV vaccine?Laha: The HPV vaccine is recommended for men and women between the ages of nine and 26. This includes individuals who have not been previously vaccinated or completed the full series. People with weakened immune systems due to certain medical conditions or treatments should also consider getting vaccinated. It is essential to note that, for men, getting vaccinated against HPV is essential not only for their health but also to prevent transmission to their partners. Palshetkar: The HPV vaccine is recommended for both men and women, usually starting around the ages of 11 or 12, although it can be administered as early as age 9. Its efficacy is highest when given before individuals become sexually active and may encounter the virus. Moreover, catch-up vaccinations are advised for those who missed receiving the vaccine at the recommended age. Importantly, it can be administered up to the age of 45. Dessai: As per the CDC guidelines, the preferred and ideal target age group for HPV vaccines is nine-14 years for both males and females with two doses. Catch-up vaccination is recommended for women aged 15-26 years. Older age group from 27-45 years requires three doses. However, women aged 26 and above who have been sexually active should be counselled regarding reduced efficacy in older age groups and the importance of screening. HPV vaccination prevents new HPV infections but does not treat existing HPV infections or diseases. The most favourable time to take the vaccine is before the sexual debut. Also Read: Breast cancer survivor: ‘I knew this was going to be malignant because of its shape’Who must not take the vaccine?Palshetkar: While the HPV vaccine is generally safe and effective, certain individuals should exercise caution or consult with a healthcare provider before receiving it. These may include:1. Individuals who have experienced a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of the HPV vaccine.2. Pregnant individuals, as a precautionary measure.3. Individuals currently suffering from a moderate or severe illness should consult with a healthcare provider before vaccination.4. Those with compromised immune systems, such as individuals undergoing cancer treatment or living with HIV/AIDS, should discuss the potential risks and benefits of vaccination with their healthcare provider. Individuals must disclose their medical history and any concerns to their healthcare provider before receiving the HPV vaccine to ensure its safety and appropriateness for their situation. Does the vaccine guarantee complete protection from human papillomavirus (HPV) infection? Laha: The efficacy rate of the HPV vaccine varies depending on the specific type of vaccine and the number of doses received. Studies have shown that the vaccine can be effective in preventing infection with certain high-risk strains of HPV that are known to cause cervical cancer. Palshetkar: The HPV vaccine significantly reduces the risk of HPV infection, but it does not guarantee complete protection. The efficacy rate varies depending on the specific vaccine and the number of doses received. For example, the Gardasil-9 vaccine, which protects against nine HPV strains, is highly effective in preventing infections with those strains as well as related diseases like cervical cancer and genital warts. Clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy rates of over 90% for preventing HPV infections and associated diseases. However, the vaccine does not protect against all HPV strains or against infections that may have occurred before vaccination. Overall, while the vaccine provides strong protection, it's not 100% effective. Dessai: If vaccination is done before being exposed to the virus, the HPV vaccine is 97 per cent effective in preventing precancerous lesions of the cervix – the cell changes that could lead to cancer. It is highly effective in preventing external genital warts. Also Read: You can’t ‘out-exercise’ a bad diet: Celebrity fitness trainer Namrata Purohit dishes out fitness tips for 2024 Does an HPV vaccine need a booster shot? Laha: The HPV vaccine has shown that booster shots may not be necessary for long-lasting protection. Studies have demonstrated that a full series of vaccines provides lasting protection for at least 10 years and likely longer, reducing the need for additional booster shots. Palshetkar: Yes, HPV vaccines may require booster shots to maintain long-term protection. The number of booster shots needed depends on the specific vaccine and individual factors. For example, the Gardasil 9 vaccine typically requires a series of two doses for individuals who receive their first dose before the age of 15. For those who start the series at age 15 or older, three doses are recommended. Booster recommendations may evolve as more research becomes available. Dessai: No, there is no recommendation for booster doses for HPV vaccines, if the recommended doses are completed on time. Against which diseases does the HPV vaccine provide protection?Laha: The HPV vaccine protects against several types of cancers and diseases. These include cervical cancer, throat cancer, anal cancer, penile cancer, and genital warts. Palshetkar: The HPV vaccine protects against several diseases caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, including cervical cancer, anal cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, penile cancer, oropharyngeal cancers (cancers of the back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils), genital warts. Are there any side effects of the vaccine?Laha: While the HPV vaccine is generally considered safe and effective, like any medical intervention, it may have some potential side effects. Common side effects include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, and nausea. These symptoms typically resolve after a few days. Palshetkar: Like any vaccine, the HPV vaccine may cause side effects, but they are usually mild and temporary. Serious side effects are rare. It's important to alert your doctor if any symptoms or problems persist. Dessai: The most common side effects are similar to those of other vaccines like fainting, pain and swelling at the injection site (arm), headache, nausea and fever. The vaccine should be taken in a lying down or sitting position to avoid injuries if one faints. It is also advisable to take rest for 15 minutes after vaccination. The most common adverse reactions based on several studies are local reactions like pain at the local site (mild to moderate) in 83 per cent, swelling with erythema in 25 per cent and systemic adverse effects such as fever in 4 per cent of the individuals. Common misconceptions about the vaccineAs mentioned by all the three experts, here are some common misconceptions: Myth: The HPV vaccine is only for girls.Fact: The HPV vaccine is recommended for both boys and girls to protect against HPV-related cancers and diseases. Myth: The HPV vaccine encourages promiscuity (Having multiple sexual partners).Fact: Research has shown no link between HPV vaccination and increased sexual activity. The vaccine is recommended to be given before potential exposure to HPV, ideally before becoming sexually active. Myth: The HPV vaccine can cause infertility.Fact: There is no evidence to suggest that the HPV vaccine causes infertility. It is safe for both males and females. Myth: The HPV vaccine is unnecessary if you're in a monogamous relationship.Fact: Even in monogamous relationships, individuals may not be aware of their partner's HPV status. The vaccine protects against multiple strains of HPV, providing broader protection. Myth: The HPV vaccine is only for young people.Fact: The HPV vaccine is recommended for individuals up to age 45, although it is most effective when given before potential exposure to the virus. Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance.
16 March,2024 10:30 AM IST | Mumbai | Aakanksha AhireAbnormality in a brain structure linked with movement may be causing the developmental language disorder seen among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia, according to a new study on Friday. The abnormalities occur specifically in the anterior neostriatum within the basal ganglia, a structure found deep in the brain, said neuroscientists at the Georgetown University Medical Center. Their findings, based on an analysis of 22 articles, published in the journal Nature Human Behaviour, can help boost both the diagnosis and treatment of the developmental language difficulties seen in these children. Using a new computational method the team determined that "the anterior neostriatum was abnormal in 100 per cent of the studies that examined the structure, with fewer abnormalities in all other parts of the brain". "We hope that by identifying the neural bases of developmental language difficulties, we may help increase awareness of a major, but also rather unrecognised, disorder," said lead author Michael T. Ullman, Professor of neuroscience and director of the Brain and Language Laboratory at Georgetown. “We caution, however, that further research is necessary to understand exactly how the anterior neostriatum might lead to language difficulties." Ullman said that drugs that can improve movement impairments due to basal ganglia dysfunction, such as those that act on dopamine receptors, may aid in treatment. He further noted basal ganglia abnormalities may also serve as early biomarkers potentially leading to early therapy. "Continuing research efforts to further understand the neurobiology of developmental language disorder, especially the role of the basal ganglia, could help the many children who are affected by these problems," Ullman said. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
15 March,2024 06:27 PM IST | New York | IANSA 68-year-old man battling Parkinson's along with life-threatening co-morbidities has been successfully treated by doctors in Bengaluru. Fortis Hospital, Bannerghatta Road, in a statement on Thursday said that for the first time in India, the NeuroSmart Portable MER system -- an advancement of the Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) therapy -- was used to treat a Parkinson's patient. "The technology represents a significant leap in Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) therapy and has advanced target localisation capabilities, automatic navigation, and connectivity tools for offering unparalleled precision in brain analysis," they noted. The system lets doctors see how the patient is responding to the treatment in real-time, which makes the surgery more accurate. The patient, Prakash, had been battling Parkinson’s for about six months. The neurodegenerative disorder caused stiffness in his arms and legs, making it hard for him to move around and do everyday things. He also partially lost his voice, and sometimes his head and neck would move involuntarily. Besides, Prakash also had other health issues like high blood pressure and diabetes, and he had undergone surgeries on his heart, spine, and a hernia in the past. The new NeuroSmart Portable MER system helped him to a remarkable recovery. "The patient is doing well. His tremors have stopped, and his movements have improved. He is now able to do all his activities independently. His medication has also been reduced," Dr Raghuram G, Additional Director-Neurosurgery, Fortis Hospital, Bannerghatta Road, Bengaluru, told IANS. He was discharged just five days post-surgery, the doctor said. "During the procedure, which is known as Microelectrode Recording (MER), we engage the patient in active motor and speech tasks while he or she remains awake. This interactive approach enhances neurophysiological mapping of the target area, ensuring precise localisation for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) electrode placement," said Dr. Raghuram, in the hospital statement. "By integrating functional mapping with MER, we meticulously identify the optimal region within the target nucleus. Utilising the advanced AI capabilities of NeuroSmart, we meticulously analyse neuronal recordings in real time. This sophisticated analysis allows us to discern the precise area for electrode placement, ensuring optimal therapeutic efficacy and minimising potential side effects for our patients," he added. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
15 March,2024 05:27 PM IST | Bengaluru | IANSIndia is facing a sleep health crisis, that is further soaring diseases affecting the heart and brain, said health experts here on World Sleep Day on Friday. World Sleep Day is celebrated every year on March 15 to raise awareness about the importance of sound sleep for health and well-being. The theme this year is Sleep Equity for Global Health. Sleeping a minimum of seven hours every day is essential for good health, if not it can affect your body, both physically and mentally. According to health experts, sleep deprivation is one of the highest in India among global countries. This was seen in a survey by the social community platform LocalCircles on World Sleep Day, which showed that 61 per cent of Indians got less than 6 hours of uninterrupted sleep at night in the last 12 months. The percentage of sleep-deprived Indians has been increasing in the last two years: it was 50 per cent in 2022 and 55 per cent in 2023. “In India, we're facing a sleep health crisis, which is further intensified by our always-on lifestyle and other stressors. With one of the highest rates of sleep deprivation globally, it's critical for us to re-evaluate our approach to sleep, while recognising its role in preventing non-communicable diseases and maintaining mental and physical health," Dr. Prabash Prabhakaran, Senior Consultant – Neurology, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Chennai, told IANS. Dr. Gajinder Kumar Goyal, Director Cardiology, Marengo Asia Hospitals, Faridabad told IANS that sleep deprivation can affect heart health by increasing blood pressure and heart rate. “Usually blood pressure dips by 10 to 20 per cent during the night. But with sleep deprivation this does not occur leading to nocturnal hypertension that is linked directly to high incidence of cardiovascular events,” Dr. Gajinder explained. He noted that sleep-deprived individuals are also more likely to develop diabetes, and high cholesterol and indulge in faulty dietary habits. So adequate and sound sleep of at least 7 hours is essential to keep our heart healthy, the doctor said. “Sleep quality, affected by poor sleep hygiene and overuse of digital devices, is also causing significant health effects, both physical and mental. We cannot ignore sleep, which occupies a third of an average person’s lifespan,” Dr. Lancelot Pinto, Consultant Pulmonologist and Epidemiologist, P. D. Hinduja Hospital & MRC, Mahim told IANS. Further, lack of sleep is also linked to early dementia, affecting both short and long-term memory, concentration, creativity, and problem-solving abilities, said Dr Satish Nirhale, Consultant Neurologist at DPU Super Specialty Hospital, Pune. It can also raise mental health problems like irregular mood swings, and anxiety, and potentially lead to depression, he said. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
15 March,2024 04:44 PM IST | New Delhi | IANSADVERTISEMENT
