The 15 Most Fun Evolutionary Adaptations

The maned wolf has its own genus, so it’s not actually a wolf. But the South American canid is the tallest in the world, standing 3 feet at the shoulder. Its long legs help it peer over the tall grasses in its habitat, according to the LA Zoo. A fairly straightforward adaptation, but one that looks super cool.

Think about how much soup you could slurp with a pelican’s pouch dangling from your lower jaw. These birds use their skin pouches to catch fish and flap them in warm weather to cool off.

Bats are the only mammals that can fly (I don’t want to hear anything about gliding). For that reason alone, bat wings belong on this list. Good on you, bats, for figuring out what the rest of us mammals could not.

Okay, it may be a stretch of the term “fun,” but stingray stingers are a pretty wicked evolutionary development. The barbed stingers are a metal method of self defense, and look at that face—this fish knows how to use it.

Besides clearly being the animal inspiration for Bionicles, hercules beetles are some of the world’s largest insects. Males’ large horns are used for grappling with other males; their strength is such that they can carry 100 times their own body weight, according to the National Wildlife Federation.

Because it’s the next best thing to breathing fire, behold the Komodo dragon’s venomous maw. These creatures—the largest lizards in the world—have venom glands in their lower jaws, which prevents blood from clotting. So if you’re torn a new one by a Komodo dragon, you’re likely to go into shock and bleed out. Hardcore.

Vultures’ bald heads keep the animals clean(er) when they’re digging into rotting carrion. They also the keep the animals cool. I mean that thermoregulation-wise, but let’s be honest: it makes ‘em look cool, too.

You probably knew octopuses would show up on this list, the only question was “for which of their superlative attributes?” I decided to stick with an old favorite: octopuses have some of the best camouflage in the animal kingdom. The cephalopods can mimic not just the colors of corals and sand on the seafloor, but their texture, too. I wouldn’t want to be a predator seeking one out... or prey trying to evade an octopus, for that matter.

Because I just used up the “camouflage” square on my animal kingdom bingo card, I’ll give the chameleon plaudits for its ridiculous tongue. The tongues are extendable, and the lizards launch them at prey with blinding speed. Sticky mucus allows the chameleon to glob onto whatever morsel it targeted, making it a gustatorial sniper.

Sure, some members of this list are cliché, but for good reason. Giraffes have as many vertebrae in their necks as we do (seven), yet theirs are doing a whole lot more. The elegant giants use these long necks to get their purple tongues around lofty leaves, but they also use them in “necking” fights over mating and for sentry duty, according to the Giraffe Conservation Foundation.

The giant anteater’s 2-foot-long tongue is perfect for the creature’s eponymous feeding strategy: tearing up ant hills and termite mounds and eating about 140 insects per feeding, according to the Smithsonian Institution.

A list about evolution would be incomplete without the platypus, that furry denizen of Australian waterways. The mammal has a bevy of perplexing traits—it lays eggs, has a beaver-like paddle tail, glows in the dark, and males boast a venomous spur. Maybe I’m cheating by noting all of these. I’d like to focus on the platypus bill, which so confounded British scientists in the 18th century that they thought the animal was a forgery. The platypus bill contains electroreceptors and is the animal’s way of searching out invertebrates to eat on river bottoms. So, yeah. God bless the platypus.

Elephants are the largest land mammals on Earth. Despite their superlative size, they have a remarkable ability to be gentle. Look no further than their trunks, which the animals can use to pick up chips intact, suck in water to bring to their mouths for drinking, or to cover themselves with dirt or mud. The trunk is made of pure muscle and is also a means of communication for elephants. It takes a special evolutionary adaptation to overshadow kite-like ears and their huge size, but the elephant trunk might just accomplish that.

Honestly, spiders’ ability to weave silk for a variety of uses should put them at #1. It was a tough decision. But spider silk is strong stuff that the arachnids weave to make their webs, to trap prey, to move across their environments, and even to listen to their surroundings. Spider webs are an extension of the animals themselves, and one of the most wonderful inventions of evolution.

Look at it. LOOK AT IT. You’re going to tell me this isn’t the peak of evolutionary engineering? A hammerhead sharks’ eyes can be 3 feet apart and face opposite directions, allowing the predatory fish to see a much wider swath of the ocean. I’d say this is just about as fun as evolution gets.