Are we about to find out the moon's origin? Japan's space agency says it may now have clues

For four days, the Smart Lander for Investigating Moon, or SLIM — which landed on the moon last month — examined lunar rocks and used its multiband spectral camera to study rock composition, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency project manager Shinichiro Sakai said.

The lunar mission is Japan's first. The spacecraft made a historic precision touchdown Jan. 20, though it landed the wrong way up, with its solar panels initially unable to see the sun and was turned off after a brief communication with Earth. On the eighth day, it started working, allowing it to successfully reestablish communication with the command center at JAXA on Earth.

A black-and-white photo transmitted soon after SLIM was reactivated showed the bumpy lunar surface, including six rocks. The craft eventually obtained data from 10 rocks altogether, all of which were given the names of dog breeds, such as Akitainu, Beagle and Shibainu.

"We are hoping that the rock analysis will lead us to the origin of the moon," Sakai said. By comparing the mineral compositions of moon rocks and those of Earth, they could find out if the rocks have common elements, he said. According to the "giant-impact" hypothesis, the moon is believed to have formed as a result of the Earth colliding with another planet, and a smaller mass spinning off of them.

The JAXA team expected SLIM to study and analyze only one rock, so having data on 10 rocks was a cause for celebration, propelling the team to pursue studying the moon's origins.

SLIM is currently "hibernating" in another lunar night that will last until late this month. It remains unknown if the probe and its spectroscope will survive the severe cold night temperatures and be able to "wake up" once sunlight returns.

The spacecraft landed about 60 yards away from its target, near the Shioli crater, a region covered in volcanic rocks. It's the most precise landing compared to previous moon missions that typically aimed for flat areas at least 6 miles wide.

If the lander had not encountered a last-minute failure in one of the two main engines that caused a harder-than-planned landing, SLIM's touchdown was estimated to be within yards of the target, JAXA said.

SLIM carried two autonomous probes that were released just before touchdown, recording the landing, surroundings and other lunar data. The two small probes completed their mission of recording SLIM's initial work and stopped working.

The landing made Japan the world's fifth country to reach the moon, after the United States, the Soviet Union, China and India.