DigitalOcean Holdings, Inc. (DOCN) Q1 2023 Earnings Call Transcript

DigitalOcean Holdings, Inc. (NYSE:DOCN) Q1 2023 Earnings Conference Call May 9, 2023 8:00 AM ET

Company Participants

Rob Bradley - Vice President, Investor Relations

Yancey Spruill - Chief Executive Officer

Matt Steinfort - Chief Financial Officer

Conference Call Participants

Wamsi Mohan - Bank of America

Michael Turits - KeyBanc

Raimo Lenschow - Barclays

Mike Cikos - Needham

Brad Reback - Stifel

Pinjalim Bora - JP Morgan

Gabriela Borges - Goldman Sachs

Quinton Gabrielli - Piper Sandler

Operator

Thank you for standing by, and welcome to the DigitalOcean First Quarter 2023 Earnings Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speakers' remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] And finally, I would like to advise all participants that this call is being recorded. Thank you.

I'd now like to welcome Rob Bradley, Vice President, Investor Relations to begin the conference. Rob, over to you.

Rob Bradley

Thanks, Paulie. And thank you and welcome everybody to DigitalOcean's First Quarter 2023 Earnings Call. Joining me today is Yancey Spruill, our Chief Executive Officer; and Matt Steinfort, our Chief Financial Officer.

Before we begin, I want to cover our Safe Harbor statement. During this conference call, we will be making forward-looking statements, including our financial outlook for the second quarter and full year, as well as statements about goals and business outlook, industry trends, market opportunities and expectations for future financial performance and similar items. All of these statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. You can review more information about these in the Risk Factors section of our filings with the SEC. We remind everyone that our actual results may differ and we undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements.

Finally, we will be discussing non-GAAP financial measures on our call today. Reconciliations between our GAAP and non-GAAP financial results can be found in our earnings press release, which was issued earlier this morning and in the investor presentation on our IR website.

With that, let me turn the call over to our CEO, Yancey Spruill.

Yancey Spruill

Thanks, Rob. Good morning and thank you for joining us today. I'm pleased to share the results of another strong quarter for DigitalOcean. We made solid progress on our key priorities of adding valuable services for customers on our platform and reshaping our cost structure to accelerate our long term free cash flow margin objectives. And despite the challenging macro environment, we met or exceeded all of our financial targets.

Our first quarter financial results were strong across the board. We delivered year-over-year revenue growth of 30%. As projected, our quarter-over-quarter revenue growth was more muted, given the near term macroeconomic headwinds we are experiencing. These headwinds have resulted in modest net expansion from our customer cohorts as their businesses have seen their own growth deceleration. And they have continued to focus on managing their spend in the midst of the ongoing economic uncertainty. While it is unclear how long these macroeconomic headwinds will persist, we remain committed to achieving our financial targets this year. Matt will provide more detail on our Q1 results and Q2 and full year outlook later on the call.

Stepping back for a second from the current market conditions, I've reflected that we just recently crossed the two year anniversary of our IPO. Over the course of these two years, we have become a much stronger and durable company. We added significantly to our platform's capabilities and have enabled our customers to grow their businesses. We dramatically improved our financial profile or the doubling revenue from 2020, the full year prior to our IPO to this year. And improved adjusted free cash flow from negative 18% in 2020 to 21% plus this year. We've added a number of valuable offerings for our customers like serverless functions, premium droplets, tiered support, significant additions to our tutorial and content, additional database engines to name a few and expanded our total addressable market through our Cloudways acquisition last year. That brings us managed hosting capability. Collectively, the improvements we've made to our offerings and our go to market have improved ARPU by more than 70%.

We've also returned significant value to our shareholders since Q2 2021, repurchasing 26 million shares for a total of $1.3 billion. While we are proud of these accomplishments, we will continue to remain focused on delivering new offerings, significant operational improvements in the business, allocating capital to accelerate growth both organically and through M&A and delivering capital back to shareholders through a regular buyback program. We remain bullish on our incredible market opportunity and we know we are still early with plenty of room for significant growth in the years ahead.

Shifting back to our near term plan, I'd like to reiterate our key priorities for 2023, which we believe will enable us to deliver our 2023 targets will position us for accelerated growth when the macro environment improves. As shared at our last earnings call, we have prioritized three growth initiatives that underpin our 2023 revenue targets. These initiatives are focused on sales and go to market, product monetization and delivering the synergies from our Cloudways acquisition. Each of the initiatives will build on the $660 million annual recurring revenue foundation we had entering 2023.

First, we will continue to strengthen our go to market capabilities. Over the course of the company's more than 11 year history, our highly efficient self-service go to market motion has been the primary source of new customers. People leverage our platform and become paying customers because of the simplicity and ease of use of our cloud tools, the documentation and support we provide all customers. The openness of our platform and the attractive price to value that we offer for our services. Collectively, we are focused on building at our customers, ecosystem of learners, Builders and Scalers.

We're investing to attract more learners providing an environment to nurture and launch an idea into a business. We're extending our product capabilities to enable the long term successful growth of the Builders and Scalers on our platform. I'd like to think of our self-service model as one of the world's most efficiently generation engines. Where customers pay small amounts to learn and test in our platform and they represent a right opportunity to foster their development such that over time they become rapidly growing businesses on our platform. Importantly, the cost to acquire these customers is very low.

Our ability to track learners who have high intention to become Builders and Scalers has been an important evolution of our self-service go to market strategy. We are evolving our tools and upfront content to attract higher spending customers and we are also changing our onboarding process to better serve these high intent customers early in their DigitalOcean journey to reduce the time they spend as a learner and become higher spending customers sooner.

Additionally, we have invested significantly in enhancing our ability to engage with a higher percentage of the 146,000 Builders and Scalers on our platform. We are seeing good traction from leveraging data analytics to have our sales team’s better target candidates for upgrades or additional product adoption, including moving their multi cloud workloads to DigitalOcean from other providers. This expanded customer engagement effort is bearing fruit as our legacy cohorts of Builders and Scalers continue to increase spending at robust rates and we continue to add to these cohorts at strong rates of growth.

Our second key initiative is to continue to deploy new capabilities or new bundles that both increase the value we provide to customers and drive up ARPU and our share of wallet. These product monetization efforts are focused primarily on our fast growing Builders and Scalers customer segments as we listen closely to their feedback and extend our capabilities in response to help them continuing to scale their own businesses.

As an example of a recent monetization initiative, we launched a premium dedicated droplet in Q1, which targets bandwidth intensive applications such as video streaming and ad tech businesses. We've seen strong adoption of this product extension as it improves the ability of our customers to scale efficiently. In other words, it enables cloud optimization for our customers. The premium dedicated droplet is an example of our packaging our existing capabilities to better serve the needs of a specific customer application, providing additional value for which our customers are willing to pay.

We were already an attractive destination for bandwidth intensive use cases given our capabilities and value pricing. However, bandwidth intensive customers had to customize our base service through additional software to configure into their specific use case, which added time, complexity and cost to their use of our platform. Based on their feedback, we launched this new tailored solution which feeds up their deployment and reduces their cost to maintain and grow their business, which offers them a more efficient path for growth. This new product SKU is an example of us creating higher ARPU opportunities for customers through packaging our services versus an outright increase in price.

We believe we have an opportunity to enhance the customer experience in our platform with other examples like this on an ongoing basis. Another example of extending our platform to meet the needs of our larger customers was the expansion of our backup storage capabilities. In this case, we augmented our platform inorganically acquiring a complimentary early stage product company SnapShooter in Q1 to add backup and [snapshot] (ph) storage features. This acquisition is a part of a broader initiative to augment our overall storage capabilities. We expect to continue enhancing the functionality across our storage portfolio over the next several quarters into 2024.

Looking ahead at the product roadmap over the rest of 2023, we will continue to invest to enhance our storage offerings to meet the needs of our Builders and Scalers customers. By addressing a broader set of storage use cases at larger scale, we will make it attractive for existing customers to put more of their cloud workloads on DigitalOcean and make it attractive for Builders and Scalers on other cloud platforms to bring their workloads to DigitalOcean.

We are also evaluating other strategic platform extension, such as the introduction of GPU and AIML offerings, which would be a strong complement to our existing capabilities and expand our total addressable market. Although we are refactoring our cost structure in 2023 to deliver significantly better margins into cash flow, we don't want this year to be solely about efficiency. We are positioning ourselves for faster growth in the future. And the opportunity to enhance our offerings with GPU and AIML services is a focus.

The ongoing organic and inorganic investment in our platform through product expansion and monetization efforts is key to driving long term growth. We're leveraging the numerous customer conversations we are having during this challenging market environment both to educate customers on how they can leverage our existing products and services differently to help them optimize their spend and to understand how to prioritize our product development roadmap. Our focus on the large SMB customer segment that traditionally has been underserved by more enterprise focused technology companies is a direct contributor to the stable churn we've seen over the last year, even as our growth has decelerated.

Our commitment to simplicity, higher touch support, extensive relevant, content and direct engagement with our customers is a key differentiator for DigitalOcean and has created a very loyal customer base. Remaining close to our customers while their own businesses see a slowdown in growth is going to position us well to capture more than our fair share of the revenue opportunity as growth rates normalize and they accelerate over time.

The third growth initiative is the continued investments in our recently acquired Cloudways managed hosting capabilities. Cloudways business continues to perform well managing its growth despite the weaker macro and is an accelerant to our overall growth expectations for the balance of this year. We are pleased with the progress we've made on integration in our first six months post acquisition, we have seen a 46% increase in new Cloudways customers Q1 2023 over last year's Q1. And some of that increased results for the way we have leveraged our well established self-serve funnel to drive customer leads to Cloudways. We are encouraged by the early results of the recent addition of the product capabilities and pricing changes we announced to Cloudways, a strong ratification of their brand -- value proposition and brand. We continue to be very optimistic about the long term potential for Cloudways as a driver of value for our customers and investors.

Before I conclude, I want to take a moment to address changes that we've made to our leadership team. Just as we've been focused on aligning our operating model, cost structure and investment priorities on achieving our long term growth and free cash flow initiatives. We've also been working to build a leadership team that can scale and help us deliver on these objectives. To that end, we've made a number of changes in additions this year to augment our team.

First, we've created an important new role, Senior Vice President of Communications to bring additional focus and expertise to our efforts to connect with our customers and support them along our journey. Nancy Coleman, a seasoned executive with experience in technology businesses at similar stages of size and scale has taken this role to drive communications to our stakeholders as we increase awareness of the company's capabilities and elevate our storytelling across our customers, employees and investors. The addition of this role is another important step in the effort to upgrade our go to market capabilities that started with the integration of our sales, customer success and marketing efforts under our Chief Revenue Officer at the beginning of 2023.

We have also taken steps to better align our client development investments with our key growth priorities. With the Q1 departure of our Chief Product Officer, we took the opportunity to consolidate product development under our COO, combining our infrastructure and new product development teams to drive better coordination and synergies and to move product strategy under our Chief Strategy Officer to ensure that our product level strategy efforts are tightly aligned with our overall corporate strategy and long range plan. This creates a simpler and more efficient organizational structure and will drive improved development execution and tighter alignment across our broad set of strategic priorities.

To further augment our go to market capabilities, we also announced the addition of Chris Merritt to our Board of Directors. Chris is an accomplished sales and executive and has a broad history across multiple business models and technology, including both self-serve and direct sales motions. He most recently spent 10 years as the Chief Revenue Officer at Cloudflare and helped them scale their business from $1 million to $1 billion in ARR during his tenure. We look forward to adding Chris' perspective to our Board and Executive leadership team. Collectively, these recent changes support our strategy to become the preeminent cloud infrastructure provider to small and medium sized businesses.

In summary, we're very pleased with both our progress early in 2023, delivering against our revenue growth and free cash flow targets and our ability to maintain the 2023 targets set on our last earnings call despite the ongoing macroeconomic challenges. We continue to invest across an array of product infrastructure and go to market areas, while refactoring our cost structure to position the company for durable profitable growth in the growing $98 billion annual market for developer and SMB cloud infrastructure.

I will now turn the call over to Matt to provide details on our financial results and our outlook for the balance of the year.

Matt Steinfort

Thanks, Yancey. Good morning, everyone and thanks for joining us today to discuss another quarter of strong results with revenue, margins, earnings and free cash flow that continue to demonstrate the resilience and growth potential of our business model. I will focus my remarks today on our first quarter results, on our progress on several key initiatives and on our updated financial outlook.

We delivered revenue of $165.1 million in the first quarter, which was 30% growth year-over-year and 1% growth sequentially from the fourth quarter of 2022. We saw resilience in our cohort performance despite the ongoing headwind of continued cloud optimizations by customers, with an NDR of 107% for the quarter. Churn continues to hold steady, which is a great accomplishment in this lower growth environment with top line pressure coming instead from lower expansion and elevated contraction that continued through the quarter.

In the current environment, holding churn at historical levels is a testament to both the value of our platform and the loyalty of our customer base even as they focus on optimizing their spend. And retaining our customers will position us for success when they themselves return to growth. Our resilient customer graduation model continues be a source of strength and durability in the face of the challenging macroeconomic environment. Fed by our extensive pool of learners that spend less than $50 per month, we saw a net sequential increase after both graduation and churn of close to 2,000 new builders who spend between $50 and $500 per month and more than 350 new scalars who spend more than $500 per month.

Builders and Scalars continue to be the drivers of our growth, representing 86% of revenue and growing ARR at 41% and 24%, respectively, despite together being only 24% of our customer base. Our go to market and product monetization initiatives remain largely focused on meeting the needs of these growing customers. We exceeded our outlook on both adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow margins in the first quarter through the continued disciplined management of our expenditures and the swift execution of our previously announced cost reduction initiatives.

Adjusted EBITDA was 34% of revenue, which compared favorably to 29% in Q1 of 2022. The improved margin was driven by a 22% year-over-year decrease in sales and marketing expense and a 2% year-over-year decrease in R&D expense. As we reshaped the cost structure to align with the lower market growth expectations and accelerated our timeline to reach our long term free cash flow margin target. Adjusted free cash flow margin was 16% of revenue, up 4% from Q1 of 2022. This strong result was due to both the higher adjusted EBITDA margins and the timing of several capital projects that we expect will occur later in 2023.

Q1 2023 will be the low point in 2023 for margins. The first quarter of each year includes the cash flow impact of annual bonuses as well as higher payroll taxes and other seasonal cash impacts. Additionally, our cost savings actions occurred in the middle of the first quarter which resulted in savings being only partially realized in the period. As we progress through 2023, we expect to steadily improve profitability and to exit the year with adjusted EBITDA margins in the low 40s and with adjusted free cash flow margins approaching 30%.

Our strong adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow margins results came despite the anticipated near term pressure on gross margin which on a GAAP basis came in at 56% in the first quarter compared to 63% in Q1 of 2022. The year-over-year decline in gross margin is the expected result of the previously discussed increase in colocation expenses following the expansion of several facilities, including the new Sydney data center and the short term impacts of higher power costs in Europe. Data center expansion is a key element of our growth strategy as we increase our footprint to meet growing customer demand. While margins are initially impacted with these expansions, we will grow into the new capacity over the coming quarters, improving their utilization and margin profile.

We also expect to see declining -- flat to declining power costs in Europe over the course of 2023, which will also provide additional margin improvement. Despite the gross margin pressure, we effectively managed our overall operating expenses to exceed our profit outlook for the first quarter. And we are on track to achieve our margin goals for the full year. Our non-GAAP earnings per share of $0.28 was within our guidance range, but was impacted by a 1 time international tax expense from the Cloudways acquisition in 2022 that reduced our non-GAAP earnings per share by $0.03.

As we shared on our last call, we identified a total of $60 million of annualized cost savings. $25 million of which were related to headcount and $35 million of which were related -- were non headcount related. That would enable us to accelerate our long term cash flow margin targets into 2023. We have made good progress on these savings and optimization initiatives. With our February reduction in force and with rationalization of expenses in direct marketing, software licenses, travel and entertainment and other third party spend. We are pleased with our progress so far this year and we are confident that we will be able to achieve the full targeted 2023 savings.

In addition to our strong margin performance, we also made meaningful progress on our ongoing share buyback program. As we have discussed, we are highly focused on driving outsized growth in both earnings and free cash flow per share as the long term drivers of shareholder value creation through continuous improvement in operating margins, coupled with our commitment to return capital to shareholders. During Q1 of 2023, we made meaningful progress on the share repurchase front, repurchasing 7.8 million shares for a total of $266 million at an average share price of $34.27. As of the end of last week, we had approximately $175 million remaining of our $500 million approved repurchase program and we expect to deploy the full remaining balance of the authorized repurchases over the course of 2023.

Company's strong balance sheet and significant free cash flow generation enable us to invest in growth initiatives. Continue to make acquisitions and repurchase shares on an ongoing basis. We expect to continue our repurchase program up to 125% of free cash flow in 2024 and beyond. Given our progress to date on the buyback and our anticipated utilization of the remaining balance over the course of 2023, we expect to end the year with approximately 103 million to 105 million in weighted average fully diluted shares outstanding for the full year 2023. It's important to note that our fully diluted shares outstanding includes 8.4 million shares associated with our convertible debt, which has a conversion price of $178.51. We anticipate that the combination of our ongoing buyback program and the eventual resolution of our convertible debt will more than offset any dilution from stock based compensation and will result in a 15% to 20% decrease in our share count over the coming years.

Turning towards our financial guidance for Q2 2023, we expect revenue to be in the range of $169.5 to $170.5 million. For the second quarter, we expect adjusted EBITDA margins to be in the range of 37% to 38% and non-GAAP earnings per share to be $0.40 to $0.41 based on approximately 103 million in weighted average fully diluted shares outstanding. For the full year, while we continue to see headwinds from customer optimizations and we are still early in our go to market and product monetization efforts, we are comfortable with our previously provided guidance and expect revenue to be in the range of $700 million to $720 million.

With our strong margin performance in Q1 2023 providing room for incremental growth investment, we continue to expect adjusted EBITDA margins to be in the range of 38% to 39% for the full year. Having better visibility into the impact of our share repurchase program, we now expect non-GAAP earnings per share to be in the range of $1.70 to $1.73. For the full year 2023, free cash flow will increase as a result of our improved profit margin and lower capital expenditures, driving 21% to 22% free cash flow margin. Excluding the onetime cost associated with our workforce reduction and transaction costs. Like adjusted EBITDA, free cash flow will ramp throughout the year. And we expect free cash flow margin to approach 30% by the fourth quarter.

That concludes our prepared remarks and we will now open the call up to Q&A.

Question-and-Answer Session

Operator

[Operator Instructions] And your first question comes from the line of Wamsi Mohan from Bank of America. Your line is open.

Wamsi Mohan

Yes. Thank you so much. Yancey, the larger hyperscalers are all noting deceleration, so did [OVH] (ph) and your NDR decelerated in 1Q, ARR growth was slowest sequentially. Clearly, there are all these macro headwinds. You're still maintaining your revenue guide for the year? Can you talk about maybe what is giving you the confidence in your fiscal year guide and how the weaker macro is changing customer behavior that you're seeing?

And I have quick second part, if you could, on just your AI comments. We did run a survey of DigitalOcean users that reflected of the positive elements of differentiation that you called out. We also noticed AI became a top tier for workload case at your Scalars and Builders. Any color on if these are all inferencing use cases and already the customers that are asking for the GPU clusters you referenced and how that might impact your CapEx profile? Thank you so much.

Yancey Spruill

Just first on the AI dynamics. We have businesses running AI based models and businesses on our platform today and they've been doing it for many years. We've always from the founding invested in really high performance computing. And so although GPUs offer some differentiation in enhancing that compute, we still offer very high performance compute, strong bandwidth capability. So, we're looking at product extension and, yes, GPU tends to be capital intensive, but we, obviously, know capital intensity very well and expect our foray into this area over time to be well within our previously made comments about long term free cash flow margins, CapEx as a percentage of revenue. But we do think it will enhance our addressable market with some of the newer business models that are emerging and give some of our existing customers more options beyond just, for example, our premium dedicated droplet product is very compelling for bandwidth intensive. And computational intensive use cases that could be AI, but we will create broader offerings and have more to say about as we go into the near term.

On the first comment, I think what we're seeing in the broader environment is, first off, we're very excited about the fact that our churn has been very stable over this past year. Ticked up a little bit, but we know we've noted with some of the blockchain and the dynamics in Russia mainly causing that. But we did see churn even improved -- decline as we move through Q1 and into Q2. So that's a very strong thing that we focused on, because weakening environment, you want to keep your customers. And I think our team is doing a very good job of that.

Secondly, what we're seeing is that, our customers are -- we have a consumption based model. And what's driving the lower NDRs and the slower growth is the fact that their expansion has slowed pretty meaningfully over the last year. That's the main driver for why NDR has contracted and why our growth is -- growth rate is contracted. And we talked with them anecdotally with our sales, our customer success teams, we've done formal surveys. And the sentiment continues to be that the dynamics of our customers is that their demand environment is weakening. They really appreciate the consumption based model because it allows them to adjust accordingly. But we continue to focus on them and we've made really good progress in certain instances even with our customers that have multi cloud workloads on DigitalOcean and others of talking with them about moving their -- and actually moving their workloads from other cloud providers.

So it's a difficult environment in terms of things that we can't control. However, I think our engagement with our customers are focused on support, our customer success and our compelling differentiated packaging of our products as we're working through this with our customers. And so, we reiterated the range because when we -- if you go back to how we talked about our guidance in the beginning of the year, the low end of the range contemplated no real change, no real contribution from incremental initiatives and even a slight weakening in the macro. We didn't necessarily see a slight weakening in the macro. As you recall, our Q1 guidance contemplated a relatively flat sequential from Q4. So it was well within our expectations.

And Q2 and what we're seeing now with the initiatives that we have launched, both the go to market and some of the products that we have already in market, we have others coming online are seeing ramping. And again, to get to that high end of the range calls for the success of those products. So we're comfortable with the range given the downside on the low end reflecting what we think is probably slightly better than when we set that several months ago. And these initiatives coming online during the years clearly seeing traction as customers are looking for ways to get more value. So that explains the holding tight on our guidance for this year.

Wamsi Mohan

Thanks, Yancey.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Michael Turits from KeyBanc. Your line is open.

Michael Turits

Hey, guys. Congratulations on stability and then certainly on the margin efficiency expansion. Matt, I wonder if you could add in, Yancey as well, I guess, could you just talk about the -- your thoughts on gross margins and CapEx for the year. Obviously, you've done a great job on the OpEx side with a little bit of pressure on gross margins and then you're benefiting it seems from some timing but also some efficiency on CapEx.

Matt Steinfort

Yes, I'll start in reverse on that with the CapEx. CapEx came in at 15% of revenue for the quarter and that's generally consistent with what we expect kind of for the full year. So while I mentioned timing, we don't expect that CapEx as a percent of revenue is going to increase in any material way from the first quarter. On the gross margin front, that's something that we had known is coming, right? We signaled [indiscernible] we have made investments in our data center footprint. We've added the Sydney data center. We've expanded some capacity in certain markets. And that causes a near term kind of increase in the cost structure. It was about 350 basis points impact around colocation year-over-year. We also invested in some upgrades around bandwidth to improve some performance of our network, that was about 125 basis points. And then there was another 125 basis point impact from the European utility cost, which we don't think persist much longer than 2023.

But the important thing is that, despite the increase in the cost -- on the gross cost side. We were able to effectively manage and exceed the EBITDA margins and the free cash flow margins. And by the end of the year, we expect to be north of 60% on the gross margin front, but it's just a really temporal challenge on the gross margins.

Michael Turits

Great. Thanks for that detail and color and congrats on the stability and then the efficiency.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Raimo Lenschow from Barclays. Your line is open.

Raimo Lenschow

Hey, thank you. My question was more on the optimization or the end demand signals you're seeing, Yancey. Obviously, like if you think about like the big enterprises, they would renegotiate the clouds raise and the renewals in Q3, Q4 and then you kind of done what you're dealing with. How do you see the picture playing out for you? Is that kind of an ongoing rolling kind of optimization that is going on there? And what are the segments that you're looking for to see if there's a change? Or are you just kind of basically plainly wherever the cycle goes you go? Thank you very much.

Yancey Spruill

Yes. So we've now been about 12 months into this lower growth dynamic as our businesses, our customers have been expanding slower. Again, with the consumption based model, it corrects immediately. So we've been living with this again for a year. I think a key signal and importantly, as I pointed out, the churn has been stable and is actually proving right now. Those are two really important -- that's a really important side for us.

The second is for the turn, we'll be looking at for expansion to begin -- the fact that our customers are actually consuming more cloud because their businesses begin to expand again. That will be a key signal for us. It's relatively stable but slower than it was certainly a year or two ago and that explains the lower NDR and the overall growth rate.

As it relates to optimizations, I would say the consumption based model kind of builds in optimization because as their business slows, they pay for what they use. So their customers are consuming less, they consume less bandwidth, et cetera, they just spend less. They're built corrects immediately. So we have a built in optimization if you will into our model, which is why we saw this earlier than some of the people with one or longer year contracts.

What I would say about the conversations we've been having with our customers is, as their businesses have slowed and typically our small businesses tend to have really rapid growth rates. They're taking a pause and they're looking at architecture, they're looking at longer term or intermediate term dynamics around how they run cloud. And they've led to some great conversations with us putting customers in different packaging that actually gives them a more efficient growth path similar to the case I just cited with the premium dedicated droplets. So this has been a great opportunity for us in a challenging environment where our customers are nervous for us to work with them to put them on a more efficient path that they feel better about so that they can manage through the current period of time. And be poised when they do accelerate to have a more efficient growth path. That's going to see growth for us, but also more peace of mind for them.

So we're taking this opportunity to get closer to our customers, which I think in a recession or certainly a super low growth environment which the tech industry or our industry is in is the approach that we've decided to take.

Raimo Lenschow

Yes. Okay, perfect. Thank you.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Mike Cikos from Needham. Your line is open.

Mike Cikos

Hey, guys. Thanks for taking the questions here. I wanted to cycle back to Matt's prepared remarks. I think to open up, you had cited these elevated contraction rates. And I just wanted to see if we could get a better sense of the shape of those rates. How did 1Q play out as far as those contractions we were seeing? With April now behind us, was there any change there? And then the second question was, I know that you guys reiterated the calendar 2023 guidance, but at the end of February, you had also announced a price increase for Cloudways. Can you give us a sense of what's embedded in your guidance based on that Cloudways price increase or was that already in some way incorporated in your previous thinking? Thank you.

Matt Steinfort

Thanks, Mike. Yes, just to close out on that one, the Cloudways price increase was contemplated in the guide. So that was baked into our plan. We made the decision at the time we acquired Cloudways, which was right when we were just recently done the price increase for [indiscernible] that we would wait until we closed that transaction and got a little further in and did some analysis before we just blanket increase the prices at Cloudways. But -- so we did that, it took effect in April. But it was -- that we knew that going into the planning process and into the guidance.

On the contraction, as Yancey said that, if you think of what NDR, NDR is a function of three things, its churn, its expansion and its contraction and the net of all those three gives you your NDR. And so, if you look at the decline in the NDR from first quarter or from fourth quarter to first quarter, churn didn't contribute in a negative way to that reduction, churn held flat. In fact, as Yancey said, we've seen kind of month-over-month through the course of 2023 an improvement in the churn rate, modest improvement in the churn rate. So the delta that you're seeing in the NDR is driven almost entirely by the combination of lower expansion and more contraction which is very consistent with the optimization and kind of the pause that Yancey just described in our customer base.

So if you're trying to get a math kind of view of it, just look at the NDR and assume churn is flat kind of quarter-over-quarter, that will give you the result for expansion and contraction.

Mike Cikos

Awesome. Thank you for the color. And did you guys quantify the benefit from the Cloudways price increase for this guidance we have now? I'm done.

Yancey Spruill

No, we did not.

Mike Cikos

Okay, all right. Thank you. I'll turn it back to my colleagues.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Brad Reback from Stifel. Your line is open.

Brad Reback

Great. Thanks very much. So with the current guide sort of pointing towards the mid to upper teens exit growth rate for the year and the CapEx growing at 15%. Should we think about that being the long term sustainable organic growth rate for the business? We're -- our guidance reflects their outlook for the year. And we aren't commenting on longer term growth expectations for the business. We continue to invest to drive growth that's higher than what you just cited. But at the same time, there's things that we can't control beyond and so we're focusing on what we can control, which is why we made it a very strategic decision months ago to accelerate to longer term free cash flow margins today.

And as Matt just cited, we'll be approaching those even in this quarter, but certainly as we exit this year. And what that positions us for is, in an area of lower growth, this is the growth rate that persists with attractive margins and returns on capital. If growth reaccelerates and we are investing in new products as we cited today to do that, we'll have more investment capacity as well as deliver more leverage in the operating model. So we're pleased to reiterate the guidance for the year. We're pleased actually with quite a few of the trends that we saw as we moved through Q1 and as we're into Q2 year. And as we get to the back half of this year and certainly in early next year, we'll have more to say about 2024 and perhaps beyond depending upon how the macro is shaping up.

Brad Reback

Great. Thanks very much.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Pinjalim Bora from JP Morgan. Your line is open.

Pinjalim Bora

Hey, guys. Thanks for taking the question. Yancey, maybe could you talk about the Cloudways performance, especially around the multi cloud adoption that you were talking about. I'm assuming Cloudways will be a beneficiary of that. How are you driving that motion? And secondly, it seems like the pricing increase in Cloudways is proportionally higher with some of the competitive offerings, some of your peers. What are you hearing from those customers on that price increase? And how do you think that plays out?

Yancey Spruill

Well, Cloudways is performing very well. There's been a slight uptick in the growth rate since the close, really owing to a lot of the acceleration and new customers is incredibly exciting. Those customers who were coming to DigitalOcean had a mismatch expectation before the close of the deal. That they were expecting a more managed experience, many of them churned. And we've done a great job in saving those customers and getting them into Cloudways out of the box and they're going to be long term customers. So we're materially increasing value as a result. So really excited to have a bullet -- first bullet on the synergies of the complementary platforms and actually realizing those synergies so early and so significantly. And so, we're really excited as we continue to look at other areas on the sales and marketing side to better match customers whether it's at Cloudways or at DigitalOcean into the right fit, either it's day one or overtime. So we feel very good about that.

In terms of the pricing change. It's early, six weeks after it's gone effective. We feel good about the early returns on that. And as Matt cited that had been baked in, that was put on pause as we closed the acquisition last year. So it was contemplated earlier this year. And it -- Cloudways had got a previous price increase four or five years ago and it was time. And feel good about the early feedback and what we're seeing in terms of demand on the platform since that announcement and it's gone into effect.

Pinjalim Bora

Got it. Thank you.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Gabriela Borges from Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.

Gabriela Borges

Hi. Good morning. Thank you. Yancey, I wanted to ask how you think about the impact of AI on the Cloudways business in particular. One of the risks that I'm trying to understand is, to what extent Cloudways is helping bridge what may be a technical gap to help get your customers on DigitalOcean software. And to what extent that bridging essentially gets potentially extracted away by other AI tools? Would love to hear how you think about it. Thank you.

Yancey Spruill

Well, I think in the bigger picture AI is a very compute intensive, storage intensive, bandwidth intensive products that, however, the ultimate products are successful products shakeout. And so, i.e. infrastructure is a service intensive. So I think overall, AI tools, applications will ultimately be a tailwind for our business. And as I cited earlier, there are already businesses who are running AI models that are whole premise as artificial intelligence that are serving customers at reasonable size on our platform today and have been for years.

So as it relates to sort of the core compute, what we would be looking to offer is capabilities that allow our customers to leverage AI tools, our build language models or run complex compute algorithms beyond what they can do today on our platform, which is why we also acknowledge that we're looking at GPUs.

So not sure I understand specifically your question or that's something that we are necessarily concerned about in terms of the infrastructure part of our business, because we think infrastructure enables AI applications. And frankly, we should be a beneficiary over time. We've already been a beneficiary from AI models businesses running on our platform as of today.

Gabriela Borges

Thank you for the detail.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Jim Fish from Piper Sandler. Your line is open.

Quinton Gabrielli

Hey guys. This is Quinton on for Jim Fish. Thanks for taking our question. With another quarter of learnings behind the team following the Cloudways deal, has there been any changes in the other managed service provider's willingness to offer DigitalOcean just due to your accelerated investments in Cloudways? Or have those channel relationships remained relatively unchanged following Cloudways? Thank you.

Yancey Spruill

So the managed hosting, managed services business is very large and very fragmented around the world. This was, obviously, a key diligence concern for us as we were going through the negotiations and the conversations with Cloudways a year ago. And the sentiment was that it would not be an issue and the reality is that it is not an issue. We are not seeing other managed service and hosting providers that have been meaningful customers on DigitalOcean. We have not seen them move volumes away. In fact, one of the larger ones on our platform that is a multi-cloud managed hoster moved cloud services onto our platform as a part of the optimizations in Q1.

So the direct answer to your question is, we have not seen it. We weren't concerned going into the deal after diligence and it's not something we've seen in this two plus quarters that we've owned the company.

Quinton Gabrielli

Got it. Helpful. Thank you.

Operator

And that concludes our Q&A session for today. I would like to turn the call back over to Yancey Spruill for closing remarks.

Yancey Spruill

Thank you all for joining us. We truly appreciate the opportunity to update you on our progress and in transforming our business into a durable high growth business and a free cash flow machine in both good times and in bad. We look forward to continuing the conversation in the weeks and months ahead as we work hard to realize this limitless potential of this opportunity we call DigitalOcean. Have a great rest of the day.

Operator

This concludes today's conference call. Enjoy the rest of your day. You may now disconnect.