FBI Warrantless Searches of Americans’ Communications Declined Sharply, Spy Agency Says

Congress weighs changes to foreign-spying program that yielded the searches of Americans’ data

The National Security Agency is allowed to capture without a warrant communications thought to belong to foreigners living abroad, sometimes scooping up Americans’ data in the process. Photo: Patrick Semansky/Associated Press

WASHINGTON—The number of warrantless searches of Americans’ telephone calls, emails and text messages conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation plummeted last year, dropping from millions of searches to about 120,000, according to a U.S. intelligence report.

A senior FBI official attributed the drop in part to better compliance with restrictions on searches of the data after adoption of internal reforms, as well as to variations in national-security investigations. Additionally, a large percentage of the searches in 2021 were related to efforts to identify potential victims of an unidentified Russian hacking campaign that struck critical infrastructure in the U.S., said the report, which was released Friday. Other factors in the decline include changes in suspected foreign spies’ communications practices and advances in technology.

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