KNG: Boosting Dividends At The Expense Of Return

This article series aims at evaluating ETFs regarding the relative past performance of their strategies and quality metrics of their current portfolios. As holdings and their weights change over time, updated reviews are posted when necessary.

KNG strategy and portfolio

First Trust Cboe Vest S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats Target Income ETF (BATS:KNG) has been tracking the Cboe S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats Target Income Index since 3/26/2018. It has 66 stock holdings, 65 positions in options, a distribution yield of 3.97%, and a total expense ratio of 0.75%. KNG seeks income from holding dividend stocks and selling covered call options on these stocks.

As described by First Trust:

The Index is composed of two parts: (1) an equal-weighted portfolio of the stocks contained in the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats Index (the "Aristocrat Stocks") that have options that trade on a national securities exchange and (2) a rolling series of short (written) call options on each of the Aristocrat Stocks (the "Covered Calls"). The S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats Index generally includes companies in the S&P 500 Index that have increased dividend payments each year for at least 25 consecutive years and meet certain market capitalization and liquidity requirements.

The fund invests exclusively in a subset of the S&P 500 index. The stock portfolio is reconstituted annually and rebalanced quarterly. Covered calls are written each month to expire the following month at a strike price close to the last daily closing price, on no more than 20% of the position in each stock.

The top 2 sectors are consumer staples (25% of asset value) and industrials (22.6%). Other sectors are below 12%. Compared to the S&P 500 (SPY), the fund massively overweights these two sectors, along with materials, and to a lesser extent utilities and real estate. It massively underweights technology, consumer discretionary, and ignores communication services.

The top 10 holdings, listed in the next table with fundamental ratios, represent 17% of asset value. Positions are in equal weight on rebalancing dates, but they may drift with price action. As of writing, the largest one weighs about 2.07%, so risks related to individual companies are low.

Historical performance

For performance, I will use as the benchmark the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats Index, represented hereafter by ProShares S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats ETF (NOBL). The next table also includes popular dividend-growth ETFs: iShares Core Dividend Growth ETF (DGRO), Vanguard Dividend Appreciation Fund (VIG) and Schwab U.S. Dividend Equity ETF (SCHD).

Data calculated with Portfolio123

KNG has underperformed these 4 ETFs since its inception. The risk measured in drawdown and volatility (standard deviation of monthly returns) is similar to the Dividend Aristocrats Index without covered calls. It appears that boosting the dividend with covered calls had a cost in capital and resulted in a lower total return. SCHD has been the best performer in this period.

However, in the last 12 months, the leader is VIG:

Scanning the portfolio

The price-to-book ratio is similar to S&P 500's value. KNG is cheaper in price/sales and slightly more expensive in price/earnings and price/cash flow (see next table).

In previous articles, I have shown how three factors may help cut the risk in a dividend portfolio: Return on Assets, Piotroski F-score, Altman Z-score. My core portfolio holds 14 stocks selected using these metrics (more info at the end of this post). I have scanned KNG holdings with these quality metrics. I consider that risky stocks are companies with at least 2 red flags among: bad Piotroski score, negative ROA, unsustainable payout ratio, bad or dubious Altman Z-score, excluding financials and real estate where these metrics are less relevant. With these assumptions, only 4 stocks are risky. They weigh 6% of asset value, which is a good point.

Based on my calculation, aggregate Altman Z-score and return on assets are a bit above SPY's aggregate values. The Piotroski F-score is very close to the benchmark. These metrics point to a portfolio quality similar to the S&P 500.

Takeaway

KNG holds stocks of all the dividend aristocrats of the S&P 500, rebalanced in equal weight on a quarterly basis. It also sells short-term covered calls on a maximum of 20% of each stock position. Compared to the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats Index since the fund's inception, this strategy has improved the dividend yield, but it has deteriorated the total return. Risk metrics are unchanged by the option strategy. The most popular dividend growth ETFs have outperformed KNG since 2018. Based on past data covering different market conditions, it seems KNG has some difficulty to justify its covered call strategy, and the high expense ratio coming with it. However, price history is still too short to assess long-term performance over a complete market cycle.

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