How Abbott is bringing together groups to quickly identify viral threats in India, world

When an illness of unknown origin is identified, Abbott’s coalition partners move to sequence samples, identify if it’s a known or unknown pathogen, and when needed, alert health systems or public health agencies about these cases

Sumi Sukanya Dutta
April 06, 2023 / 11:29 AM IST

Covid

The Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition is a first-of-its-kind, pharmaceutical industry-led global partnership. It works to identify, track and respond swiftly to known and emerging viral threats and thereby prevent the next pandemic.

The initiative began in 2021 and now unites 20 scientific and public health organisations from five continents with the specific focus of advancing infectious disease research and helping improve public health.

In an interaction with Moneycontrol, Gavin Cloherty, Abbott’s Head of Infectious Disease Research, said that it was realised during the COVID-19 pandemic that global collaboration is more important than ever to enable sharing of relevant information and samples of viral threats promptly.

“The quicker a threat is found and studied, the faster it can be diagnosed and tested to check whether it is a known or an unknown pathogen,” he said.

This can help us ensure that diagnostic tests can effectively detect these viruses, and that vaccines and therapy options are not impacted, he added.

COVID-19 Vaccine

Frequently Asked Questions

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How does a vaccine work?

A vaccine works by mimicking a natural infection. A vaccine not only induces immune response to protect people from any future COVID-19 infection, but also helps quickly build herd immunity to put an end to the pandemic. Herd immunity occurs when a sufficient percentage of a population becomes immune to a disease, making the spread of disease from person to person unlikely. The good news is that SARS-CoV-2 virus has been fairly stable, which increases the viability of a vaccine.

How many types of vaccines are there?

There are broadly four types of vaccine — one, a vaccine based on the whole virus (this could be either inactivated, or an attenuated [weakened] virus vaccine); two, a non-replicating viral vector vaccine that uses a benign virus as vector that carries the antigen of SARS-CoV; three, nucleic-acid vaccines that have genetic material like DNA and RNA of antigens like spike protein given to a person, helping human cells decode genetic material and produce the vaccine; and four, protein subunit vaccine wherein the recombinant proteins of SARS-COV-2 along with an adjuvant (booster) is given as a vaccine.

What does it take to develop a vaccine of this kind?

Vaccine development is a long, complex process. Unlike drugs that are given to people with a diseased, vaccines are given to healthy people and also vulnerable sections such as children, pregnant women and the elderly. So rigorous tests are compulsory. History says that the fastest time it took to develop a vaccine is five years, but it usually takes double or sometimes triple that time.

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As part of the coalition, partner organisations conduct both viral surveillance and discovery and study a wide range of infectious diseases, from SARS-Cov-2, HIV and Hepatitis to new and neglected diseases.

For instance, during the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic, Abbott’s partner in South Africa quickly alerted it to the threat of Omicron, which helped it analyse the variant and confirm diagnostic tests could detect it.

Work in India

Abbott’s strategic network of partners worldwide include organisations in India, the United States, South Africa, Senegal, Colombia, Thailand and Brazil.

In India, Abbott has partnered with YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE) as a member of the coalition. YRG CARE is a Chennai-based non-profit organisation focused on HIV/AIDS. It offers prevention and treatment-related services to Indians across the country.

The key focus of this partnership has been to study India’s viral infections, such as HIV and Hepatitis viruses and SARS-CoV-2, and improve the accuracy of diagnostic tests, said Cloherty.

“By studying the patterns of these viruses in India and understanding the transmissions in high-risk groups, along with analysing migration patterns of people locally, we can develop solutions to break the transmission cycles through use of diagnostic testing and other interventions,” he added.

Sumi Sukanya Dutta
Tags: #Abbott #Companies #Covid pandemic #Covid-19 #Current Affairs #India
first published: Apr 6, 2023 11:29 am