Understanding ChinaNews & analysis

China and Taiwan Relations Explained: What’s Behind the Divide

Beijing is flexing its military power in response to growing U.S. support for the island; here’s a primer on the frictions

A squadron of jet fighters in Chiayi Air Force Base in Taiwan. REUTERS/Ann Wang ANN WANG/REUTERS

Days before being named president for an unprecedented third term, Chinese leader Xi Jinping let loose with an unusually blunt attack on what he said was a U.S.-led effort to contain China. At the top of Mr. Xi’s list of concerns is Washington’s relationship with Taiwan.

Taiwan is a self-ruled island of 24 million people that China claims as its own. Separated from China’s southeastern coast by 100 treacherous miles of sea, it is a vibrant democracy that produces the vast majority of the world’s advanced computer chips. It is also a critical piece of Mr. Xi’s goal of restoring China’s standing as a great power. The Chinese leader has said taking control of the island is a task that “should not be passed down from generation to generation.”

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