'Glow-in-the-dark' proteins could help diagnose viral diseases

Despite recent advancements, many highly sensitive diagnostic tests for viral diseases still require complicated techniques to prepare a sample or interpret a result, making them impractical for point-of-care settings or areas with few resources. But now, a team reporting in ACS Central Science has developed a sensitive method that analyzes viral nucleic acids in as little as 20 minutes and can be completed in one step with “glow-in-the-dark” proteins.

A chemical reaction involving the luciferase protein causes the luminescent, glow-in-the-dark effect. The luciferase protein has been incorporated into sensors that emit an easily observed light when they find their target. This simplicity makes these types of sensors ideal for point-of-care testing, but so far, they’ve lacked the incredibly high sensitivity required of a clinical diagnostic test.

The gene-editing technique known as CRISPR could provide this ability, but it requires many steps and additional specialized equipment to detect what can be a low signal in a complex, noisy samples. So, the researchers wanted to use CRISPR-related proteins and combine them with a bioluminescence technique whose signal could be detected with just a digital camera.

The two CRISPR/Cas9 proteins would bind to the targeted nucleic acid sequences and come close to each other, allowing the complete luciferase protein to form and shine blue light in the presence of a chemical substrate. To account for this substrate being used up, the researchers used a control reaction that shined green. A tube that changed from green to blue indicated a positive result.

When tested on clinical samples collected from nasal swabs, RPA-LUNAS successfully detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA within 20 minutes, even at concentrations as low as 200 copies per microliter. The researchers say that the LUNAS assay has great potential for detecting many other viruses effectively and easily.

Reference:

‘Glow-in-the-dark’ proteins could help diagnose viral diseases, ACS Central Science; DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01467