BMW climbed two spots to place first in Consumer Reports' annual ranking of the top automotive brands for performance, safety and reliability.
Subaru, which was No. 1 in 2022, finished second this year.
Addressing "growing pains" was a deciding factor in the latest rankings, according to Jake Fisher, senior director of auto testing at Consumer Reports.
Reliability improved notably at BMW, Fisher said. The brand was also an early innovator in infotainment and has shown standout growth toward simplicity and usability of media and information interfaces.
Mini, Lexus, Honda, Toyota, Genesis, Mazda, Audi and Kia rounded out the top 10.
Genesis rose 12 spots in the rankings and Kia, Lincoln and Tesla also moved up. The improvements, Fisher said, were primarily a result of the brands "addressing some reliability issues that they've had in the past."