Police minister Bheki Cele has repeatedly said people with tattoos are not welcome in the police service because “they have a tendency of being gangsters”.
But the written rules on tattoos for police recruits are a recipe for confusion. They vary between full-time officers and reservists, and Cele and police chiefs quote documents dating as far back as 1964 in their attempts to defend the policy.
Answering a written parliamentary question from EFF MP Vuyani Pambo, Cele said the South Africa Police Service employment regulations he signed on 28 March 2018 “clearly do not address the appointment requirements in full”.
They “must be read with Regulation 11 of the Regulations for the South African Police, 1964”, which he said decreed that would-be police officers must “not have any tattoo marks which will be visible and irreconcilable with the objectives of the Service”.
In fact, the 1964 document does not mention tattoos. But the regulations have been amended twice, at the advent of democracy in 1994 and again in 2002.
The relevant 2002 clause – which still applies – reads: “A person who applies to be appointed as a member must not have any tattoo marks of which will be visible and irreconcilable with the objectives of the service.”
In his reply to Pambo, and without quoting the source, Cele says there is another requirement: “A tattoo must not be visible when a member wears or is dressed in uniform.”
This was repeated to Business Insider South Africa by police human resources head Lt-Gen Lineo Ntshiea, who added: “The intention is to promote discipline, uniformity and professionalism, which is regarded as an inherent requirement of the job as a member of the SAPS.”
In his reply to Pambo, Cele says the 1964 regulations – introduced when prime minister Hendrik Verwoerd was constructing the apartheid state – “have not been repealed by the SAPS Act or the 2018 employment regulations, nor are they inconsistent with the SAPS Employment Regulations 2018”.
He adds: “In fact, the [2018 regulations] do not mention all the appointment requirements and are supplemented by the [1964 regulations].”
The same rules apply to reservists, says Cele, but a 2013 amendment to the 2002 reserve police regulations only says applicants must “not have a tattoo which will be visible if the person wears a uniform”.
Present-day recruitment ads for full-time officers contain a variation of the 2002 regulation, saying applicants must “not have any visible tattoos that are contrary to the objectives of the SAPS”.
Cele dipped his finger in the tattoo ink when he visited Soweto in July after gunmen killed 16 people in a mass shooting at an Orlando tavern.
As additional officers fanned out across the area, Cele said police numbers would be boosted but tattooed applicants were not welcome. “When you have a tattoo, we don’t hire you, because you have a tendency of being a gangster.”
In his reply to Pambo, Cele elaborated, saying tattoos are historically associated and negatively connected with former prisoners, gangsters and motorcyclists.
“The SAPS cannot afford the risk that communities view members as associating themselves with any specific group, to the perceived detriment of others who do not belong or associate with such groups.
“Consideration must … be given to the appearance of a member and how she or he may be perceived by the community that he or she serves.”
South African Police Union (Sapu) spokesperson Lesiba Thobakgale accused Cele of using the tattoo issue to deflect attention away from failures of leadership and management in the SAPS.
“A tattoo has nothing to do with someone being a criminal. One can be a gangster without a tattoo. We are challenging the police service regulations on tattoos because it is discriminating against those who have them.”