Internet giants, including social media apps Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and Snapchat, joined some world leaders to issue a global call to better protect children online at a Paris summit. The call, initiated by France and the UN child protection agency UNICEF on Thursday, acknowledges that ''in the digital environment, children can come across harmful and violent content and manipulation of information. Just like adults, children have rights to privacy, which should be respected.'' The text also listed ''threats amplified by technology'' including cyberbullying, sexual abuse, prostitution, human trafficking, sexual and gender-based violence or violent online radicalisation.

''We call upon all governments, online service providers and relevant organisations to stand up for children's rights in the digital environment,'' it said.

Signatories include Amazon, Google and YouTube, Facebook and Instagram's parent company Meta, Microsoft, Snapchat and Twitter. The call has also been joined by eight nations including France, Italy, Argentina, Jordan and Morocco — although not the United States. About 30 heads of state and government and US Vice President Kamala Harris were participating in the Paris Peace Forum that opened Thursday. The summit, organised both in person and online, brings together world leaders, CEOs, NGOs and others to discuss global issues such as climate, the COVID-19 pandemic and the digital transition.

Macron chaired the session about children's rights in the presence of YouTube CEO Susan Wojcicki and Amazon senior vice president Russel Grandinetti.

''We must regulate contents and authorisation tools so that an 8-year-old, a 10-year-old, a 15-year-old child ... cannot be exposed to all contents without rules,'' Macron said. That must go via parental control installed by default on some tools, he said. He also insisted on the need for educating children about the risks of the social medias.

Macron, Harris, EU Commission President Ursula Von Der Leyen and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau also participated in another roundtable on regulating the digital domain, along with Microsoft president Brad Smith. Harris announced that the US is joining the Paris Call launched in 2018 to improve security and better regulate cyberspace.

Children rights' advocates have for years urged internet giants to take action to better protect children.

Revelations last month from whistleblower Frances Haugen showing internal Facebook studies of the harm of Instagram on teenagers only intensified parent's concerns about the popular photo sharing app.

Justine Atlan, head of ''E-Enfance,'' a group advocating for the protection of children on the internet, participated in the Paris Peace Forum. ''We can build a lot of tools ... but all these functionalities are useless because children lie about their age. For me, this is the big issue,'' she said. ''That's why I think we all need to work together and find solutions.'' Nora Fraisse, head of a French association fighting school bullying, praised ''a key moment'' because it puts ''international pressure'' on internet giants.

Fraisse founded ''Marion La Main Tendue'' (''Marion The Outstretched Hand'') after her daughter, Marion, committed suicide at the age of 13 because she was being harassed at school.

''Those who are spreading hatred via their pipes hold some responsibility,'' she said about popular social media apps like TikTok, Instagram and Snapchat. Cyberbullying and bullying at school are often interconnected.

Fraisse said social media companies should request a proof of identity as a first step and have better control over published content.

Social media companies have generally banned kids under 13 from signing up for their services, although it's been widely documented that kids sign up anyway, either with or without their parents' permission.

Fraisse, who speaks in schools about online risks, also called for better educating children and parents on these issues.

She cited a nationwide study her association commissioned this year that showed the proportion of those who attempted suicide is higher among children bullied at school (12 per cent) than in the general population (7 per cent).