The Texas Republicans approved the redrawn United States House maps that favor incumbents and decrease political representation for the growing minority communities, even as Latinos drive much of the growth in the nation’s largest red state.
The maps were approved late Monday night following an outcry from the Democrats over what they claimed was a rushed redistricting process crammed into a 30-day session, and one which gave little time for public input.
They also denounced the reduction of minority opportunity districts -- Texas will now have seven House districts where Latino residents hold a majority, down from eight -- despite the state’s changing demographics.
“What we are doing in passing this congressional map is a disservice to the people of Texas,” Democratic state Rep. Rafael Anchia said to the chamber just before the final vote.
GOP Governer Greg Abbott is expected to sign off on the changes.
Civil rights groups, including the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund, sued before Republican lawmakers were even done on Monday.
The lawsuit alleges that the Republican mapmakers diluted the political strength of minority voters by not drawing any new districts where Latino residents hold a majority, despite the Latinos making up half of Texas’ 4 million new residents over the last decade.
Mr. Abbott’s office did not respond to a message seeking comment.
The Republicans have said that they followed the law in defending the maps, which protect their slipping grip on Texas by pulling more GOP-leaning voters into suburban districts where the Democrats have made inroads in recent years.
Texas has been routinely dragged into court for decades over voting maps, and in 2017, a federal court found that a Republican-drawn map was drawn to intentionally discriminate against the minority voters.
But two years later, that same court said there was insufficient reason to take the extraordinary step of putting Texas back under federal supervision before changing voting laws or maps.
The maps that overhaul how Texas’ nearly 30 million residents are sorted into political districts — and who is elected to represent them — bookends a highly charged year in the state over voting rights.
The Democratic lawmakers twice walked out on an elections bill that tightened the state’s already strict voting rules, which they called a brazen attempt to disenfranchise minorities and other Democratic-leaning voters.
The plan does not create any additional districts where Black or Hispanic voters make up more than 50% of the voting population, even as people of color accounted for more than 9 of 10 new residents in Texas over the past decade.
Republican state Sen. Joan Huffman, who authored the maps and leads the Senate Redistricting Committee, told fellow lawmakers that they were “drawn blind to race.” She said her legal team ensured the plan followed the Voting Rights Act.
The Texas GOP control both chambers of the Legislature, giving them nearly complete control of the map-making process.
The state has had to defend their maps in court after every redistricting process since the Voting Rights Act took effect in 1965, but this will be the first since a U.S. Supreme Court ruling said Texas and other states with a history of racial discrimination no longer need to have the Justice Department scrutinize the maps before they are approved.
However, drawing maps to engineer a political advantage is not unconstitutional. The proposal would also make an estimated two dozen of the state’s 38 congressional districts safe Republican districts, with an opportunity to pick up at least one additional newly redrawn Democratic stronghold on the border with Mexico, according to an analysis by The Associated Press, comprising of data from last year’s election collected by the Texas Legislative Council. Currently, Republicans hold 23 of the state’s 36 seats.
Following negotiations between the Texas House members and state senators, the districts of Houston area, districts of U.S. Rep Sheila Jackson Lee, a Democrat who is serving her 14th term, and U.S. Rep Al Green, a neighboring Democrat, were restore, unpairing the two and drawing Jackson Lee’s home back into her district.
Texas lawmakers also approved the redrawn maps for their own districts, with Republicans following a similar plan that does not increase minority opportunity districts and would keep their party in power in the state House and the Senate.