Scientists identify 160 drugs that can be repurposed for covid-19 treatment
Premium- Much of the focus has been on several key virus or host targets, or on pathways, such as inflammation, where a drug treatment could be used as an intervention
NEW DELHI: Scientists have identified 200 approved drugs projected to work against covid-19, of which 40 are in clinical trials.
In a study published in the journal Science Advances, a team led by researchers at the University of Cambridge's Milner Therapeutics Institute and Gurdon Institute found that drug sulfasalazine, used to treat conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease, and proguanil, an antimalarial drug, can be potentially used in treating covid-19.
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The scientists used a combination of computational biology and machine learning to create a comprehensive map of proteins that are involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection from proteins that help the virus break into the host cell to those generated as a consequence of infection.
By examining this network using artificial intelligence approaches, they were able to identify key proteins involved in infection as well as biological pathways that might be targeted by drugs.
Till date, majority of small molecule and antibody approaches for treating covid-19 are drugs that are either currently the subject of clinical trials or have already been through clinical trials and been approved. Much of the focus has been on several key virus or host targets, or on pathways, such as inflammation, where a drug treatment could be used as an intervention.
The team used computer modelling to carry out a 'virtual screen' of almost 2,000 approved drugs and identified 200 approved drugs that could be effective against covid-19. About 40 of these drugs have already entered clinical trials, which the researchers argue supports the approach they have taken.
When the researchers tested a subset of drugs implicated in viral replication, they found that two in particular - an antimalarial drug and a type of medicine used to treat rheumatoid arthritis - were able to inhibit the virus, providing initial validation of their data-driven approach.
"By looking across the board at the thousands of proteins that play some role in SARS-CoV-2 infection - whether actively or as a consequence of infections - we've been able to create a network uncovering the relationship between these proteins," said Professor Tony Kouzarides, director, Milner Therapeutics Institute, who led the study, said.
"We then used the latest machine learning and computer modelling techniques to identify 200 approved drugs that might help us treat covid-19. Of these, 160 had not been linked to this infection before. This could give us many more weapons in our armoury to fight back against the virus," he said.
Using artificial neural network analysis, the team classified the drugs depending on the overarching role of their targets in SARS-CoV-2 infection: those that targeted viral replication and those that targeted the immune response. They then took a subset of those involved in viral replication and tested them using cell lines derived from humans and from non-human primates.
"We hope this resource of potential drugs will accelerate the development of new drugs against covid-19. We believe our approach will be useful for responding rapidly to new variants of SARS-CoV2 and other new pathogens that could drive future pandemics," said Dr Namshik Han, Head of Computational Research and AI at the Milner Therapeutics Institute said.
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