For this study, researchers at Korea University in Seoul and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign isolated compounds in red algae to see which probiotic bacteria had ingested in a laboratory setting. (Remember, prebiotics provide nutrients to gut-healthy probiotics.)

They used red algae because they are high in soluble fiber, which makes them one of the most gut-friendly sea vegetables around. Previous research has also found that the antioxidant-rich algae contain anti-inflammatory and potential anti-cancer properties.

After breaking down various types of red algae, the team found that agarobiosis (AgaDP3) is the sugar most likely to be consumed by probiotic bacteria. “These results show us that when we eat red algae, they break down in the intestines and release sugars that serve as nourishment for the probiotic bacteria,” said study leader Yong-Su Jin, Ph.D., of the results in one Press release.

They also found that AHG, a building block of red algae cell walls, appeared to inhibit the spread of colon cancer cells in the study. Jin says this could explain why colon cancer patients are so low in parts of Japan where algae are a staple food.

By identifying the key components in red algae, the team hopes to pave the way for more functional foods and medicines containing the salty ingredient.

This finding becomes even more exciting when you consider the positive climate effects of algae: Algae are easy to breed and quick to grow, they filter pollutants and bind carbon from the surrounding waters. It can also help protect coastlines from storm surges, making algae farming an increasingly attractive industry in coastal areas around the world.

“Algae is this incredible technology from Mother Nature that feeds the planet, but can also restore our oceans in the climate crisis,” the regenerative ocean builder Bren Smith previously told mbg.

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