What Happens if You Missed the Tax Deadline?
If you owe Uncle Sam money, filing your tax return late (or forgetting altogether) can cost you dearly.
If you didn't file your 2020 federal tax return or request an extension by May 17, don't let that stop you from submitting your 1040 and paying your tax as soon as possible if you owe the IRS money. Acting quickly will help keep the penalties and interest you may owe from getting out of hand.
In addition to interest charged on any tax you owe, you could be facing separate penalties for both filing and paying late. The late-filing penalty is 5% of the tax due for each month (or part of a month) your return is late. If your return is more than 60 days late, the minimum penalty is $435 (for tax returns required to be filed in 2021) or the balance of the tax due on your return, whichever is smaller. The maximum penalty is 25%.
The late-payment penalty is 0.5% of the unpaid balance for each month (or part of a month) the tax isn't paid. The rate jumps to 1% ten days after the IRS issues a final notice of intent to levy or seize property. It can be as high as 25% of the unpaid tax. As you can see, the longer you wait, the higher the penalties grow.
If you have a good explanation for missing the filing or payment deadline, you might be able to avoid the penalties (but not interest). What's a good reason? Think fire, natural disaster, serious illness and the like. A lack of funds, in and of itself, is not a sufficient reason for failing to file or pay on time. If you want to request a penalty waiver, attach a statement to your return fully explaining your reason for filing or paying late.
If you're confident you're due a refund, then there's no reason to worry. The IRS doesn't penalize taxpayers for filing a late return if they're getting a refund.
And, finally, what about your state tax return? The due date for most state tax returns was May 17. However, three states – Iowa (June 1), Louisiana (June 15), and Maryland (July 15) – give you more time to file. Check with the state tax agency where you live to learn more about state tax deadlines…and about penalties for missing them.
