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Long-acting injectable medicine is a potential route to Covid therapy

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A study conducted by the researchers from the University of Liverpool has shown the potential of repurposing an existing and cheap drug into a long-acting injectable therapy that could be used to treat Covid-19.

In a paper published in the journal Nanoscale, researchers from the University’s Centre of Excellence for Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT) demonstrate the nanoparticle formulation of niclosamide, a highly insoluble drug compound, as a scalable long-acting injectable antiviral candidate. The team started repurposing and reformulating identified drug compounds with the potential for COVID-19 therapy candidates within weeks of the first lockdown. Niclosamide is just one of the drug compounds identified and proved highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 in myriad laboratory studies.

Using their expertise in the fields of materials chemistry, long-acting drug delivery, and pharmacology, CELT scientists used nanoprecipitation to form dispersible solid drug nanoparticle formulations of niclosamide that can be stored as solids, reconstituted with water, and utilised as long-acting injectables. Their research has demonstrated sustained circulating drug concentrations may be maintained for the duration of early infection after a single injection.

CELT is co-directed by pharmacologist Professor Andrew Owen and materials chemist Professor Steve Rannard at the University of Liverpool.

Professor Steve Rannard said: “Repurposing drug compounds is much more than using existing medicines for a new disease. The existing active drug compound needs to be shown to be active at a significant level, then reformulated to address new challenges. The conventional route of administration may also not be relevant and modifying the way the patient receives the drug compound is highly critical to efficacy. Niclosamide is an ideal candidate to be taken forward as a potential long-acting injectable therapeutic to treat Covid-19.

“This is still in early-stage development but the CELT team are currently working with a contract manufacturing organisation to take this forward towards scale-up and clinical manufacture. This work is progressing well and if successful, human trials would be next. We envisage a future `Test-and-Treat’ scenario where infected people are treated at the point of diagnosis with the full course of therapy in one injection.”

Professor Andrew Owen said: “Repurposing of medicines for SARS-CoV-2 has yielded mixed results, with some clear successes for immunomodulatory drugs such as dexamethasone, and work underway to repurpose drugs like favipiravir and molnupiravir that were designed for other viruses.

“The ultimate utility of our long-acting injectable can only be determined inadequately powered and well-controlled randomised clinical trials but unlike other drugs that have been explored for repurposing niclosamide target concentrations may be achievable in humans. The formulation has shown great promise in preclinical studies at a time when it is increasingly evident that drugs are urgently required to complement the vaccines.

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RURAL HARYANA SEES A SPIKE IN CORONA CASES

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Chandigarh: Amid a surge in coronavirus cases in urban areas, cases are being reported from some of Haryana’s rural areas as well. These cases are coming mostly from Rohtak, Sonipat and Bhiwani. “An increase in corona cases has been reported in the rural areas of the state as well,” Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar said. In the wake of this, people residing in rural areas are required to follow guidelines, he added.

It is learnt that several patients may have lost their lives during the last few days in a village named Titauli in Rohtak. Lack of medical facilities, oxygen along with other resources may have led to the deaths. Jagbir Singh, a resident of the village, said that all the patients had corona. Patients suffering from corona in Rohad and Ladhot villages are coming to PGI Rohtak for treatment. Apart from this, patients continue to come from another village named Baas in Hisar, where more than 30 corona cases have been detected.

One of the PGI doctors said on the condition of anonymity that there has been a spike in the death toll in the villages adjoining Rohtak and Bhiwani and also in some other districts. It came to light that 6-8 deaths were reported in Mundhal village of Bhiwani. A villager named Sawan Jaggal said that these were all corona-related deaths. Although, a few of the corona patients were also suffering from other diseases like high blood pressure, blood sugar and had other infections. 

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PUNJAB CM RULES OUT LOCKDOWN, SAYS CURRENT RESTRICTIONS ALREADY STERN

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Punjab Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh on Wednesday again ruled out a complete lockdown, noting that the restrictions currently in place were more stringent than the lockdown conditions in many other states, and announced a series of relaxations and relief measures to alleviate the woes of various sections of the people amid the prolonged crisis.

Virtually chairing a cabinet meeting, the Chief Minister compared the Punjab restrictions with the curbs in place in states like Delhi, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Kerala, among others, and pointed out that it was not necessary to impose a total lockdown.

The relaxations announced include phased opening of shops, and various incentives for the housing sector, including a three-month extension in the permission period of construction of plots/projects for allotments, whether private or allotted, by state urban development authorities.

Amid spiralling Covid cases, the Chief Minister ordered limiting the number of teachers in government schools to 50%, with the rest taking online classes from home. He also directed the Food Department to prepare 5 lakh additional food packets for distribution among Covid patients, to ensure that every patient individually gets a packet even where there is more than one patient in a family. The state government has also announced an additional 10 kg atta for 1.41 crore Smart Ration Card beneficiaries. The food aid is in addition to the 1 lakh food kits, containing 10 kg atta, 2 kg chana and 2 kg sugar, already sanctioned for all poor people testing positive with Covid-19. It is also additional to the food aid announced by the Government of India.

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MAHARASHTRA PREPARING FOR COVID-19 THIRD WAVE SINCE LAST MONTH, SAYS THACKERAY

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Maharashtra Chief Minister Uddhav Thackeray on Wednesday said that the state has been aiming to increase its oxygen generation capacity to 3,000 metric tonnes per day after the Central government warned about the Covid-19 third wave.

Thackeray, while addressing the state through a video conference said, “Central government’s scientific body has warned about the third wave of Covid. We are preparing for that since last month. Several districts are seeing a decline in Covid cases while some districts are seeing an increase in cases. We are keeping a close tab on it.”

The Maharashtra CM further said, “We have a demand of 1700 MT oxygen and 1200 MT is produced by us, rest 500 MT is provided to us by other states and sources with help of Centre.”

“We have to increase our oxygen generation capacity up to 3000 MT every day. We are making preparations for this under the ‘Mission Oxygen’ Program,” he said.

According to official data issued on Wednesday, Maharashtra reported 57,640 fresh Covid-19 cases in the last 24 hours taking the cumulative cases to 48,80,542.

(With ANI inputs)

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Supplies received from global community allocated

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The Union Health Ministry on Wednesday informed that Covid-19 supplies received from the global community have been allocated effectively to the states and Union Territories including 1,764 oxygen concentrators, 1,760 oxygen cylinders, seven oxygen generation plants, 450 ventilators, over 1.35 lakh Remdesivir vials and 1.20 lakh favipiravir strips.

According to a statement issued by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the Government of India has been receiving international donations of Covid-19 relief medical supplies and equipment since 27 April from different countries including the United Kingdom, Ireland, Romania, Russia, UAE, USA, Taiwan, Kuwait, France, Thailand, Germany, Uzbekistan, Belgium, and Italy.

“All items received up to May 4 are allocated to the states and institutions and a substantial part of it stands delivered. This is an ongoing exercise,” the Ministry said.

A streamlined and systematic mechanism for allocation of the support supplies received by India has been put into place by the Central government for effective distribution of the medical and other relief and support material.

“A Standard Operating Procedure has been framed and implemented by the Health Ministry since May 2. A dedicated coordination cell has been created in the Health Ministry to coordinate the receipt and allocation of foreign Covid relief material as grants, aid and donations. This cell started functioning from April 26,” the ministry said.

All these relief medical supplies and equipment are being allocated by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in a timely manner to the 38 tertiary care institutions and 31 states, so far in the first tranche.

“This is done considering certain criteria like the number of active cases, case fatality rate, positivity rate, and need. This will help to supplement the medical infrastructure of these institutions and 31 states and UTs, and strengthen their clinical management capacities for prompt and effective clinical management of the hospitalised Covid-19 patients,” it said.

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MAMATA HAS ‘BLOOD ON HER HANDS’: NADDA

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Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) President JP Nadda, who is on a two-day visit to West Bengal to take stock of the post-poll violence, said on Wednesday that Mamata Banerjee has started her third term as chief minister with blood on her hands.

Briefing media persons, the BJP chief said, “The manner in which a massacre and brutal killings took place and the manner in which the acting chief minister stayed silent for 36 hours speak of her involvement. Mamata ji’s silence speaks about her involvement and she starts her third term with blood on her hands.”

“I condemn the brutal killings which have taken place after the results. We also stand by the people of Bengal and all citizens residing in Bengal with whom such incidents took place. This makes me remember the Partition days. I remember 16 August 1946, Direct Action Day. When I recall that day, I also recall incidents that took place post noon of May 2. We have to keep in mind that May 2 has become ‘khela hobe’ day. We have to remember what Mamata ji said in Nandigram and what happened here,” stated Nadda.

Nadda is on a two-day visit to West Bengal starting from Tuesday to hold a protest against the alleged atrocities on party workers in the state by the ruling Trinamool Congress (TMC) government.

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Operational preparedness not affected: Indian Army

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The Indian Army on Wednesday made it clear that the deployment of military medical professionals did not affect the operational efficiency of the Indian Army, in the wake of the prevailing Covid-19 pandemic.

“A number of articles have appeared in the media indicating that the deployment of Army medical assets in various Covid-19 hospitals has adversely affected the operational efficiency of the Indian Army. It is clarified that deployment of military medical professionals has been deliberated at the highest level and that there is no dilution in the operational preparedness of Indian Armed Forces along both Northern and Western borders,” informed a statement by the Indian Army.

In keeping with its ethos of selfless service to the nation, the Indian Army has created a number of Covid facilities on a war footing in order to provide extensive medical assistance to veterans and their dependents at a number of places. One such facility has been created at the Base Hospital Delhi Cantonment (BHDC) which has been converted completely into a Covid hospital with comprehensive arrangements for providing critical care to all incoming patients.

On May 1, the Indian Army requested all veteran officers of the Armed Forces Medical Services (AFMS) to register themselves on the e-Sehat portal and offer teleconsultation services to countrymen during the Covid-19 crisis.

On April 29, Chief of Army Staff General MM Naravane called on Prime Minister Narendra Modi. They had discussed various initiatives being taken by the Army to help in Covid management, said the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO). According to the statement released by the PMO, General MM Naravane informed the Prime Minister that the medical staff of the Army is being made available to various state governments.

He had also briefed the Prime Minister that the Army is setting up temporary hospitals in various parts of the country, the PMO said. It further informed that General MM Naravane apprised PM Modi that the Army is opening up its hospitals for civilians wherever possible,

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