Biden's executive order launched a 100-day review of supply chains for four critical products: semiconductor chips, large-capacity batteries for electric vehicles, rare earth minerals and pharmaceuticals.
The order also directs six sector reviews, modeled after the process used by the Defense Department to strengthen the defense industrial base. It will be focused on the areas of defense, public health, communications technology, transportation, energy and food production.
The United States has been besieged by supply shortages since the onset of the pandemic, which squeezed the availability of masks, gloves and other personal protective equipment, hurting frontline workers.
The chip shortage, which in some cases is forcing automakers to take employees off production lines, is the latest example of supply bottlenecks.
"Make no mistake, we're not simply planning to order up reports. We are planning to take actions to close gaps as we identify them," an administration official previewing the executive order said.
Democratic lawmakers present at Wednesday's meeting were Senators Mark Warner, Tammy Baldwin, Tammy Duckworth and Maggie Hassan along with Representative Doris Matsui. The Republicans comprised Senators John Cornyn, Mike Braun, Marsha Blackburn, Rob Portman and Representatives John Joyce and Michael McCaul.
Production cuts
Ford Motor Co. recently said a lack of chips could cut the company's production by up to 20 percent in the first quarter. General Motors Co said it was forced to cut output at factories in the United States, Canada and Mexico and would reassess production plans in mid-March.
Ford praised Biden's plan on Wednesday and said in a statement that it was "incredibly important for our labor force, our customers and our business that we have a commitment to end this shortage as soon as possible."
U.S. semiconductor firms account for 47 percent of global chip sales but only 12 percent of production because they have outsourced much of the manufacturing overseas, according to SIA. In 1990, the United States accounted for 37 percent of global semiconductor production.
Biden has been under pressure from Republican lawmakers to do more to protect American supply chains from China by investing in domestic manufacturing of next-generation semiconductor chips.
"I strongly urge Biden administration to prioritize protecting emerging and critical technologies, like semiconductors, from the grasp of the CCP (Chinese Communist Party)," Rep. McCaul said in a recent letter.
Under Biden's order, the White House will look to diversify the country's supply chain dependence for certain products, by developing domestic production and partnering with other countries in Asia and Latin America when it cannot produce products at home.
The review will also look at limiting imports of certain materials and training U.S. workers.
