India likely to vaccinate 60-70% adults by late 2022, most of Africa to wait for COVID-19 vaccine till 2023: Report

The US, Canada, Russia, the UK and most of the European countries are exptected to complete the mass vaccination agsinst COVID-19 at the earliest.

Moneycontrol News
February 02, 2021 / 06:18 PM IST

China is also expected to complete the mass inoculation programme by late next year. (Reuters)

Despite the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines in a number of countries, the global vaccination timeline would extend into 2023, according to a new report by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU).

India, which is currently vaccinating its citizens faster than any other country, is expected to inoculate 60-70 percent of its adult population not before late 2022, the report claimed.

China is also expected to complete the mass inoculation programme by late next year. Both the countries, despite being ahead in their vaccination developments, would require a larger time period for mass immunisation due to their populations of over 1.3 billion.

Most of Africa would lack widespread access to vaccines till early 2023, the report showed.

The projection is in accordance with the recent apprehensions raised by the United Nations, which warned of "unequal access" to vaccines due to the rich-poor divide among nations.

COVID-19 Vaccine

Frequently Asked Questions

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How does a vaccine work?

A vaccine works by mimicking a natural infection. A vaccine not only induces immune response to protect people from any future COVID-19 infection, but also helps quickly build herd immunity to put an end to the pandemic. Herd immunity occurs when a sufficient percentage of a population becomes immune to a disease, making the spread of disease from person to person unlikely. The good news is that SARS-CoV-2 virus has been fairly stable, which increases the viability of a vaccine.

How many types of vaccines are there?

There are broadly four types of vaccine — one, a vaccine based on the whole virus (this could be either inactivated, or an attenuated [weakened] virus vaccine); two, a non-replicating viral vector vaccine that uses a benign virus as vector that carries the antigen of SARS-CoV; three, nucleic-acid vaccines that have genetic material like DNA and RNA of antigens like spike protein given to a person, helping human cells decode genetic material and produce the vaccine; and four, protein subunit vaccine wherein the recombinant proteins of SARS-COV-2 along with an adjuvant (booster) is given as a vaccine.

What does it take to develop a vaccine of this kind?

Vaccine development is a long, complex process. Unlike drugs that are given to people with a diseased, vaccines are given to healthy people and also vulnerable sections such as children, pregnant women and the elderly. So rigorous tests are compulsory. History says that the fastest time it took to develop a vaccine is five years, but it usually takes double or sometimes triple that time.

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"More than 85 poor countries will not have widespread access to coronavirus vaccines before 2023," the report claimed.

The only exception in the African continent is South Africa, which is expected to vaccinate most of its adult population by mid-2022.

Countries in Asia, including Vietnam, South Korea and Japan, are also expected to complete vaccination among 60-70 percent of their population by the above timeframe.

The countries to complete mass vaccination at the earliest are expected to be the US, Canada, Russia, the UK and most of the European countries. They are likely to inoculate up to 70 percent of their adult population by late 2021.

The criteria taken into account by the EIU researchers, while making the global vaccination timeline projection, include supply deals, production constraints, vaccine hesitancy, the size of the population, and the availability of healthcare workers.

The report stresses on the rich-poor divide to highlight the disparity in global vaccine distribution. The access to vaccines would be earlier in countries with higher economic resources, as compared to the developing and underdeveloped world.

"The contrast between rich countries and poorer ones is stark. Most developing countries will not have widespread access to the shots before 2023 at the earliest," said EIU Global Forecasting Director Agathe Demarais.

"Some of these countries—particularly poorer ones with a young demographic profile—may well lose the motivation to distribute vaccines, especially if the disease has spread widely or if the associated costs prove too high," Demarais added.

The first vaccine against COVID-19 was approved by the drug regulators in the UK, back in December. The candidate jointly developed by Pfizer and BioNTech was given the nod.

The UK, as of January 29, recorded the highest vaccination rate, with 11.67 doses being administered per 100 people in the country.
Moneycontrol News
TAGS: #coronavirus #COVID-19 Vaccination #COVID-19 vaccine #Current Affairs #Global Vaccination Timeline #India #world
first published: Feb 2, 2021 05:54 pm