Jupiter and Saturn in rare celestial ‘Great Conjunction’

The solar system’s two biggest planets, Jupiter and Saturn, came within planetary kissing range in Monday’s evening sky, an intimacy that will not occur again until 2080.

This “Great Conjunction”, as it is known to astronomers, occurred on the winter solstice – the shortest day – for those in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of summer in the south.

The two planets were, in fact, more than 730 million kilometres (400 million miles) apart, but because of their alignment in relation to Earth, they appeared to be closer to each other than at any time in almost 400 years.

Optimal conjunction took place at 18:22 GMT.

Saturn and Jupiter set behind a church in New Jersey, US ahead of their conjunction that is being called The Christmas Star, in this December 18, 2020 photo [Gary Hershorn/Getty Images]

The best viewing conditions on Monday were in clear skies and close to the Equator, while people in Western Europe and along a vast expanse of Africa had to train their sight to the southwest.

But hundreds of space fans also gathered in India’s Kolkata city to watch through a telescope at a technology museum in the city, or from surrounding rooftops and open areas.

And in Kuwait, astrophotographers travelled into the desert west of Kuwait City to capture the once-in-a-lifetime event.

Looking through a telescope or even a good pair of binoculars, Jupiter and Saturn were separated by no more than a fifth of the diameter of a full moon.

But with the naked eye, they would merge into a “highly luminous” double planet, said Florent Deleflie from the Paris Observatory.

“The Grand Conjunction refers to the period when two planets have relatively similar positions in relation to Earth,” said Deleflie.

“With a small instrument – even a small pair of binoculars – people can see Jupiter’s equatorial bands and its main satellites and Saturn’s rings.”

Kuwaiti astrophotographers follow the great conjunction between Jupiter and Saturn in al-Salmi district, a desert area 120 kilometres west of Kuwait City [Yasser Al-Zayyat/AFP]

The last time Jupiter and Saturn nuzzled up this close was in 1623, but weather conditions in regions where the reunion could be seen blocked the view.

Visibility was apparently better the time before that during the Middle Ages, on March 4, 1226.

Jupiter, which is the larger planet, takes 12 years to revolve around the sun, while Saturn takes 29 years.

Every 20 years or so, they appear to observers on Earth to come closer to each other.