Covid: SMS requests to go out, red zones - Europe's lockdown

Measures to deal with coronavirus outbreaks are in place across Europe.

Many involve the reintroduction of restrictions that had been eased after initial lockdowns.

France is under a second national lockdown until at least 1 December.

People can only leave home to go to work, buy essential goods, seek medical help or exercise for one hour a day. Anyone going outside must carry a written statement justifying their journey.

All non-essential shops, restaurants and bars are shut, but schools and creches remain open.

Social gatherings are banned.

Until 30 November, social contacts are limited to two households with a maximum of 10 people.

Cinemas, theatres, gyms, pools and saunas, restaurants and bars (except for takeaways) are closed, but schools, creches, shops and hairdressers are all open.

Large events are cancelled and fans cannot attend sports fixtures, but church services are permitted.

Overnight leisure stays in hotels are banned and non-essential travel is strongly discouraged.

A new three-tier framework and further nationwide restrictions are now in force.

The red zones - areas with the most infections - have closed all bars, restaurants and most shops, including hairdressers and beauticians. Factories and essential services, including pharmacies and supermarkets, have remained open.

In orange zones, restaurants and bars have closed, but hairdressers and beauty salons are open.

In green zones, restaurants and bars can stay open until 18:00, but museums, theatres, cinemas, gyms and swimming pools are closed, as in the rest of the country.

There is a nationwide curfew from 22:00 to 05:00, gatherings for weddings, baptisms and funerals are banned, older school pupils have switched to remote learning, and masks must be worn everywhere, except at home.

Spain is under a nationwide curfew and state of emergency until early May 2021.

With the exception of the Canary Islands, everyone must stay at home between 23:00 and 06:00. People are only allowed out in that period to go to work, buy medicine, or care for elderly people or children.

Regional leaders can modify the curfew's start and end times in their territory and can also close regional borders for travel.

Public and private gatherings are limited to six people, while anyone aged over six must wear a face covering on public transport and in indoor public spaces nationwide. They are also compulsory outdoors in many regions.

From 23 November, anyone travelling to Spain must have a negative coronavirus test from the previous 72 hours.

Until mid-December, all non-essential shops and businesses offering personal services such as hairdressing are closed. Other shops must close by 22:00 and alcohol sales are prohibited after 20:00.

All bars, cafes and restaurants are also closed, but can offer takeaways until 22:00. Hotel restaurants and bars can only provide room service.

Masks must be worn everywhere and groups meeting outside are limited to four people.

In Wallonia and Brussels, there is a nightly curfew from 22:00 to 06:00, with exceptions for urgent medical care and commuters. In Flanders, the curfew runs from 00:00 to 05:00.

Gyms, pools and other cultural and leisure facilities are closed, Christmas markets, winter villages, second-hand markets and public events like festivals are not allowed, and sports fans cannot attend fixtures.

About 70% of the country's population, including people in Lisbon and Porto, are affected by restrictions which only allow them to leave home for work, school or other essential tasks.

There is a curfew from 23:00 to 05:00 and movement between Portugal's municipalities is prohibited.

All commercial establishments must close by 23:00 and alcohol cannot be sold in shops and petrol stations after 20:00. Alcohol can only be drunk in public places with a meal.

Gatherings are limited to a maximum of five people, but up to 50 are allowed at weddings and baptisms.

By 20:00 all shops apart from supermarkets must close. Alcohol cannot be sold after that time.

Bars, restaurants and coffee shops are closed, apart from takeaways,

Public meetings of more than two people from different households are banned and museums, theatres, cinemas, zoos and amusement parks are closed.

Masks will become compulsory in all public indoor spaces from 1 December, and must be worn already on public transport and in shops.

Schools, gyms, swimming pools and saunas are open, and under-18s can continue playing amateur sports.

Restrictions in place until 20 November mean services, schools and shops, with the exception of those selling essential supplies, are closed and people can only leave homes for essential reasons.

The first two years of primary school will return on 18 November, with pupils wearing face coverings at all times, including during lessons.

Seven North Jutland provinces are in lockdown because of a coronavirus mutation found in mink that can spread to humans.

Across the country, until 2 January, alcohol sales after 22:00 are banned.

A maximum of 10 people can attend gatherings, and masks are compulsory in all indoor public places.

Other local restrictions, like the closure of bars, restaurants and nightclubs in Copenhagen and surrounding areas at 22:00, are in place until 2 January.

No social or family gatherings are allowed in homes or gardens but people can meet outdoors with one other household, for example to exercise, but only within 5km (about three miles) from home.

Many non-essential shops and hairdressers are closed and bars and restaurants can only sell takeaways.

Weddings and funerals are limited to 25 and 10 people respectively.

However, schools and creches remain open and construction and elite sport can continue.

During the current lockdown, which runs until 30 November, people must get permission to leave home by sending SMS messages for daily requirements.

A nationwide curfew runs from 21:00 to 05:00, while travel between regions is banned.

Shops and secondary schools are shut,and nurseries and primary schools must close from Monday.

People coming to Greece must provide a negative coronavirus test.

From 20 November, all licensed bars and restaurants must stop serving alcohol by 22:00 and close by 22:30.

Masks in Sweden are still not recommended, but a maximum of eight people per table can sit together in cafes and restaurants.

There are other measures which the government advises, but they are only voluntary.