Europe lockdown: New coronavirus rules country-by-country

Measures to deal with coronavirus outbreaks are in place across Europe.

Many involve the reintroduction of restrictions which had been eased after initial lockdowns.

The cities of Lyon, Lille, Grenoble and Saint-Etienne become zones of "maximum alert" on Saturday.

It means bars and restaurants will have to close, as they did in Paris earlier this week and Marseille last month.

The measure is used when the infection rate in an area goes above 250 per 100,000 people.

Across France, gatherings are limited to 10 people and wedding receptions, students parties and other organised gatherings in hired locations are banned.

Face coverings are compulsory in enclosed public spaces throughout France, while specific areas have introduced additional rules.

In Paris and surrounding areas, face coverings must be worn outdoors by anyone aged 11 and over. Hundreds of other municipalities across France have the same rule, including Toulouse, Nice, Lille and Lyon.

Masks must also be worn in most workplaces.

The Spanish government imposed a 15-day state of emergency in Madrid and surrounding areas on Friday 9 October.

The restrictions on Madrid and nearby cities are being enforced by 7,000 police.

City officials have challenged the government over the situation, saying cases are down and a state of emergency is unjustified.

Almost five million people are affected by the restrictions, which mean:

Catalan authorities have ordered all bars and restaurants in the region to close, from 15 October, for two weeks. They can provide take-away services only.

Face masks have to be worn by anyone over the age of six on all forms of public transport and indoor public spaces.

Most regions in Spain have made masks obligatory outdoors as well.

Dutch authorities have introduced new measures which will come into effect at 22:00 on 14 October, after the number of daily infections surged to the highest level since the start of the pandemic.

All bars, restaurants and coffee shops have to close and can only open for take-away.

The sale of alcohol in shops and restaurants is banned after 20:00, and you are not allowed to drink alcohol in public after that time.

All shops, apart from supermarkets, have to close by 20:00 across the country.

People are advised to stay at home and work from home as much as possible. A maximum of three people can visit your home per day, and only four can meet outside, but both rules exclude children under 13.

Events such as open air concerts and funfairs are banned.

The measures will stay in place for at least four weeks.

Previous measures, such as wearing masks on public transport, shops and other indoor places, will also continue to apply.

Schools, gyms, swimming polls and saunas will stay open and children under the age of 18 can continue playing amateur sports.

A ban on large gatherings in Germany - such as public festivals, sporting events with spectators and concerts - has been extended to the end of the year in areas with high infection rates.

Testing at airports has been compulsory for people arriving from high-risk countries. But from 30 September those travellers have had to self-isolate for 14 days.

People failing to wear face coverings in shops or on public transport face a minimum fine of 50 euros (£46).

German authorities agreed to introduce further measures in regions where the rate of infections is high. Public gatherings will be limited to 50 people and private to 25. People who don't leave the correct identity information at restaurants and bars will be fined.

In Berlin, which is among the regions with the steepest rise of infections, restaurants and bars will have to close at 23:00 from 10 October. Private parties and gatherings will be limited to 10. Outside and at night only five people or members of two households will be allowed to gather.

Italy has made it mandatory to wear face masks in outdoor spaces across the country in an attempt to contain the spread of the virus.

Italians must also wear masks indoors everywhere except in private homes.

In schools, face masks are obligatory for all children over the age of six when they move around the school building.

A number of new rules will be in place until at least 13 November: bars and restaurants have to close by 24:00, or 21:00 if they don't have table service. People cannot gather outside bars and restaurants between 21:00 and 06:00.

There is also a ban on parties in all indoor and outdoor venues, but wedding and other receptions can go ahead with a maximum of 30 people.

The province of Latina near Rome has been put under new measures after a spike in cases. The measures are

Denmark was one of the first countries in Europe to reopen schools in April.

However, in late August the number of cases began rising sharply.

The government responded by making face masks compulsory on public transport.

In Copenhagen and surrounding areas - which have seen a spike in cases - bars, restaurants and nightclubs must now shut at 22:00.

Private parties, and gatherings such as weddings, must end by the same time and masks must be worn in restaurants, bars and cafes.

In the Belgian capital, Brussels, wearing a face mask is no longer compulsory in all public areas, since 1 October.

However, face coverings are still "strongly recommended" in places where a distance of 1.5m cannot be guaranteed.

However, other new measures in Brussels were introduced: cafes and bars have to close by 23:00 and other business selling food and drink by 22:00. These measures are now being extended to the rest of the country.

Eating at street markets is prohibited.

A maximum of four people are allowed to gather around the table in a bar and only four people are allowed in a social bubble.

Nightclubs remain closed and no major events, such as festivals, are allowed.

Football fans are being allowed to return to stadiums, but only at a fraction of capacity and they must wear masks.

As pupils return to school and some workers return to their offices, new restrictions were put in place from 15 September.

These include the closing of commercial establishments by 23:00 and limiting gatherings to a maximum of 10 people.

Masks are now compulsory in all public indoor spaces and on all public transport in Greece.

In September, tighter restrictions came into force in the Attica region, which includes Athens: face masks have to be worn at work and in all crowded outdoor places.

There have also been further local restrictions introduced on some of the Greek islands, and free on-the-spot testing has been offered to people arriving on the mainland from those particular islands.

In the capital Dublin, indoor restaurant dining was banned on 19 September for three weeks and all non-essential travel discouraged, after a surge in recent cases.

Social visits to homes in Ireland, both indoors and outdoors, are limited to six visitors from no more than three households.

Outdoor gatherings are limited to 15 people.

Those aged over 70 are again being asked to stay at home as much as possible, and people are being encouraged to work from home if possible.

There have also been a number of local lockdowns.

There was no lockdown in Sweden but, in line with government advice, most people respected voluntary social distancing and started working from home where possible.

The country banned gatherings of more than 50 people and urged people over 70 to self-isolate - but shops, bars, restaurant and gyms stayed opened.

The number of new infections is now rising again, but not as sharply as in some other parts of Europe.

Authorities have not ruled out future restrictions, but for now businesses remain open and masks are not recommended.