Coronavirus is continuing its spread across the world, with more than nine million confirmed cases in 188 countries. Nearly 500,000 people have lost their lives.

This series of maps and charts tracks the global outbreak of the virus.

Where are coronavirus cases and deaths still rising?

While some countries are starting to see confirmed cases and deaths fall following strict lockdown restrictions, others are still seeing figures rise.

A sharp increase in cases in Latin America in the second half of May led the World Health Organization (WHO) to say the Americas were the new centre of the pandemic. But there have also been new spikes in Africa, Asia and the Middle East.

These charts show four countries - Brazil, Mexico, India and Pakistan - where cases (in blue) and deaths (in red) have been on an upward trajectory in recent weeks.

Brazil, Peru, Chile, Mexico and Ecuador are among the Latin America countries that have seen widespread outbreaks.

The WHO says the pandemic has not yet reached its peak in Central and South America.

Brazil confirmed more than 39,000 new cases on Tuesday alone and is only the second country in the world, after the US, to confirm more than one million cases. The death toll stands at more than 50,000.

Mexico is the second worst-affected country in the region. The mayor of the capital, Mexico City, cancelled plans to reopen businesses this week, with the alert level remaining at "red".

India and Pakistan have also seen a surge in infections and deaths - although the number of new cases in the latter has fallen slightly in recent days. The healthcare systems in both countries are under strain.

In Iran, there have been fears of a second wave of infections. The number of daily deaths has risen to around 100 per day for the first time in two months.

Israel has also seen a surge in cases since easing restrictions at the end of May, while Australia is sending 1,000 army personnel to assist with a spike in infections in the state of Victoria.

China has also been dealing with a small outbreak believed to be connected to a Beijing wholesale market, but officials now believe the disease has been contained.

South Africa and Egypt have seen the largest outbreaks so far in Africa. But testing rates are reported to be extremely low in some parts of the continent so this could be distorting understanding of how far the virus has spread.

How many cases and deaths have there been?

The virus, which causes the respiratory infection Covid-19, was first detected in the city of Wuhan, China, in late 2019.

It then spread quickly across the globe in the first months of 2020.

Note: The map, table and animated bar chart in this page use a different source for figures for France from that used by Johns Hopkins University, which results in a slightly lower overall total. US figures do not include Puerto Rico, Guam or the US Virgin Islands.

The US has by far the largest number of cases - now more than 2.3 million and about 25% of the global total - according to figures collated by Johns Hopkins University. It also has the world's highest death toll, followed by Brazil and the UK.

In China, the official death toll is some 4,600 from about 85,000 confirmed cases, although critics have questioned whether the country's official numbers can be trusted.

Globally, the true number of cases is thought to be much higher than the reported figures, as many of those with milder symptoms have not been tested and counted.

In the table below, countries can be reordered by deaths, death rate and total cases. In the coloured bars on the right-hand side, countries in which cases have risen to more than 5,000 per day are those with black bars on the relevant date.

The outbreak was declared a global pandemic by the WHO on 11 March. This is when an infectious disease is passing easily from person to person in many parts of the world at the same time.

The WHO has warned that the pandemic is a long way from being over and says people should be prepared for new outbreaks, especially in areas where lockdowns are eased.

Globally, at least 4.5 billion people - half the world's population - were living under social distancing measures at the height of the pandemic in Europe, according to the AFP news agency's estimates.

Those restrictions have had a big impact on the global economy, with the International Monetary Fund warning the world faces the worst recession since the Great Depression of the 1930s.

The United Nations World Food Programme has also warned that the pandemic could almost double the number of people suffering acute hunger.

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New surge in US cases

Top US health officials are warning of a "disturbing" rise in cases in the US, with a number of states reporting record daily coronavirus infections.

Cases and deaths in the US had appeared to peak in late March, but by May, cases were declining and most states had begun to end restrictions and reopen businesses.

The University of Washington predicts 180,000 US deaths by October - or 146,000 if 95% of Americans wear masks.

So far, the US has recorded more than 2.3 million cases of the virus and more than 121,000 deaths.

The White House has said the rise in cases is a product of an uptick in US testing capacity. But Dr Anthony Fauci, the top US health official for infectious diseases, has warned that higher percentages of positive tests in some states "cannot be explained by increased testing".

Governors across the US have been eager to reopen their states because of the dire effect the pandemic has had on the economy.

More than 45 million people in the US have applied for unemployment benefits at some point since March, with the downturn officially being declared a recession earlier this month.

• Is the pandemic getting worse in the US?

Europe easing lockdown restrictions

In Europe, the UK, Italy, Spain and France, along with others, now appear to have passed the peak, with the number of new confirmed cases and deaths falling.

The UK has reported more than 42,000 coronavirus deaths, the highest number in Europe. Italy has the second highest death toll with about 35,000, while both France and Spain are just below 30,000.

However, differences in population size and how countries report their figures, with some including deaths in care homes, or deaths of those suspected but not confirmed of having the virus, means international comparisons are complicated.

Having been on lockdown to control the spread of the virus, European countries are now beginning to ease restrictions.

How and when restrictions are lifted varies from country to country, but the WHO has urged all nations to adopt a "slow, steady" approach.

The risk of a second wave of infections requiring European countries to re-impose full lockdowns is moderate to high, according to the EU agency that monitors infectious diseases.

In Germany, authorities in the North Rhine-Westphalia region have reintroduced some lockdown measures after a coronavirus outbreak linked to a meatpacking plant.

• How European countries are easing lockdowns

About this data

The data used on this page comes from a variety of sources. It includes figures collated by Johns Hopkins University, data from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, national governments and health agencies, as well as UN data on populations.

When comparing figures from different countries it is important to bear in mind that not all governments are recording coronavirus cases and deaths in the same way. This makes like for like comparisons between countries difficult.

Other factors to consider include: different population sizes, the size of a country's elderly population or whether a particular country has a large amount of its people living in densely-populated areas. In addition, countries may be in different stages of the pandemic.