A recent study revealed that treatments available for tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), may not always prevent re-infection. In a recent study published in the Journal of Mucosal Immunology, researchers have shown that anti-TB drugs caused changes to gut microbiota, the diverse community of microbes living in human beings' intestines, and increased susceptibility to Mtb infection. According to the study, "gut microbiota are critical to keep us healthy; digest food, combat pathogenic microbes and reinforce our immune system. Recent research has shown that chronic use of antibiotics leads to disruption of this community, which can in turn lead to dysregulation of the immune system." However, it remains unclear if changes in the composition of the microbes living in our gut have an influence on TB infection.