There’s no doubt that artificial intelligence is transforming health care. But its use doesn’t come without controversy, as critics ask if AI could further dehumanize medicine and erode the doctor-patient relationship.

Eric Topol, a cardiologist and director and founder of Scripps Research Translational Institute in San Diego, argues the opposite in his new book, “Deep Medicine: How Artificial Intelligence Can Make Healthcare Human Again.” The book, coming out March 12, makes the case that not only will AI improve the accuracy...