Russia says it is planning to develop new missile systems after both Russia and the US suspended their involvement in an arms control pact.
The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) banned the pair from using short- and medium-range missiles.
The US has long accused Russia of violating the pact, and last week US President Donald Trump announced he would exit it. Russia followed suit.
The moves have raised concerns about a new arms race.
The INF was signed during the Cold War to ease a crisis in which US and Soviet missiles were placed within range of European capitals.
What is Russia planning?
On Tuesday, Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu said the aim was to create new land-based missiles within the next two years.
Ground-launched missiles were banned under the INF, but not sea or air-launched ones, which Russia already possesses and that can be used to create the new systems.
Mr Shoigu said the US was already violating the accord: "[The US] are actively working on creating ground-based missiles with the range capability of over 500km, which is outside the treaty-stipulated limitations.
"In this situation, the Russian president has set the task for the defence ministry to take tit-for-tat mirrored measures," he said.
The US is yet to respond to Russia's announcement but AP news agency last week cited Trump officials as saying there were no immediate plans to test or deploy missiles banned under the INF.
Why did the US pull out of the pact?
The Trump administration has expressed concern at the threat posed by Russia as well as countries outside the INF, in particular China.
Announcing that the US was suspending its involvement in the INF and would leave it completely in six months, President Trump said: "We cannot be the only country in the world unilaterally bound by this treaty, or any other."
The US accuses Russia of several violations, including their claims a new Russian missile falls within the 500-5,500km (310-3,400 miles) range banned by the treaty.
But Russia says it is the US that has broken the pact, and says Washington is using false allegations as a pretext to withdraw from a pact it never wanted to be part of.
Russia has a head start - but is it the main threat?
By Jonathan Marcus, BBC defence and diplomatic correspondent
Given Russia is seen by the US as having already breached the INF treaty by its deployment of a ground-launched cruise missile, designated the 9M729 or SSC-8, Moscow is clearly ahead in the race to field this previously banned category of weapons.
Reports suggest Russia could already have deployed up to about 100 of these missiles.
President Putin is now talking about developing a ground-launched version of the successful Kalibr naval missile. He has also pointed to a potential hypersonic weapon on which the US believes Russia has been working for some time.
So perhaps there is not much that is new here.
The US itself is already allocating funds for new missile research and development.
But the real arms race here could be in the Asia-Pacific rather than Europe, where both Russia and the US are wary of China's growing intermediate-range arsenal which has never been restricted by any arms control agreement.