Image copyright
Rachel Short
Some police officers are suspended for more than three years while misconduct investigations are being carried out, the BBC has discovered.
An officer from Devon and Cornwall said she attempted to take her own life while suspended for 1,231 days.
The Home Office said it was working "to ensure a more effective, timely and fairer hearing process".
At least £13m was paid to officers suspended by UK police forces between 2013 and 2018.
The overall figure is likely to be considerably higher as 20 of the 49 forces did not respond to a Freedom of Information request.
It took seven years for an investigation to be concluded into an officer who was cleared of assault during the London riots.
In Merseyside, a PC was paid more than £132,000 while suspended for 1,302 days, while an Essex officer was paid nearly £145,000 while suspended for 1,246 working days.
Phil Matthews, conduct lead at the Police Federation said: "There's no other field of work where you'd have an employment matter hanging over you and the threat of the loss of your job hanging over you for so long.
"I think a lot of it is staffing from the IOPC side, I think some of it is a lack of knowledge, lack of training, a lack of understanding of police policies, police training and criminal law."
Rachel Short joined Devon and Cornwall Police in 2004, rising to the rank of Acting Detective Sergeant.
"I really genuinely believed in the job and upheld all the values which come with being a police officer," she said.
In 2015 she was accused of misconduct and suspended on suspicion of having an inappropriate relationship with a man suspected of supplying drugs, something she denied.
It took three-and-a-half years for the misconduct proceedings to be concluded.
"[It was] absolutely horrendous. It's affected not only me but my immediate family.
"I found myself getting very depressed and, throughout the whole proceedings... my depression has become worse and it resulted in me making a suicide attempt. It's been really, really difficult."
Her misconduct hearing, led by an independent chairperson, found she had breached Devon and Cornwall Police's standards of professional behaviour, a ruling she is now appealing against.
The force said misconduct cases had to be thoroughly investigated and welfare support was provided to suspended officers.
It said the progress of the case was delayed by a number of issues outside of its control.
The Home Office guidelines into police officer misconduct state "the period of suspension should be as short as possible and any investigation into the conduct of a suspended police officer should be made a priority".
Suspected police misconduct cases are dealt with by individual forces or by the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC).
Solicitor Lawrence Barker said "Even in relatively complex criminal cases you might expect to see the matter reach trial within 12 months.
"In a not especially complicated complaint case involving the police, that might take four to seven years".
In December the IOPC admitted its investigations needed to be quicker, when the BBC revealed the earnings of just three officers suspended for years pending its investigations had reached £1.2m.
Joe Harrington was a PC in the Metropolitan Police when he was accused of assault and failing to challenge racist comments made by another officer during the London riots in 2011.
He was placed on restricted duties - which meant he could not go on patrol - while a criminal investigation was carried out.
It went to trial in 2013 and he was acquitted but the police watchdog swiftly reopened the case and PC Harrington was under investigation again.
That case did not appear before a misconduct panel until June 2018, seven years after the original incident.
His case was dismissed - with the misconduct panel finding the delays were unreasonably long and unjustified - and he remains a police officer.
He said: "What I did was not exceptional. What happened to me could very easily, and I'm sure it is, happening to someone else. So I do very much have reservations about the misconduct system."
A spokesperson for the IOPC said: "The background to this case details a sorry tale of complexity, bureaucracy, various legal challenges and delay and we regret any distress or anxiety caused by unnecessary delay on our part."
The Freedom of Information request revealed some of the longest individual suspensions handed out by the UK's police forces.
A Home Office spokesperson said: "The Government takes policing integrity very seriously and has introduced a programme of measures to reform the handling of complaints and disciplinary procedures involving police officers and improve standards of behaviour.
"The latest phase of reforms, due for implementation this year, will improve how misconduct hearings are prepared and conducted to ensure a more effective, timely and fairer hearing process."
You can see more on this story on BBC Inside Out in the South West at 19:30 GMT on BBC One on Monday 28 January and for 30 days afterwards on the BBC iPlayer.