The Caixin China Manufacturing PMI fell below 50, the mark that separates expansion from contraction, for the first time since May 2017 in December.
"In general, China's manufacturing sector faced weakening domestic demand and subdued external demand in December," said Dr. Zhengsheng Zhong, director of macroeconomic analysis at CEBM Group.
"Companies had a stronger intention to destock and prices of industrial products were declining, which could further drag on production. It is looking increasingly likely that the Chinese economy may come under greater downward pressure."