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Incredible new photographs have emerged of the free climber at the summit of El Capitan after he became the first person ever to scale it without ropes last year.  

Alex Honnold was 31 when he reached the climax of the vertical rock formation in California's Yosemite National Park in June 2017. 

His journey became the subject of a National Geographic documentary 'Free Solo', which generated the highest per-venue average of 2018 and the best theater average ever for a documentary when it was released in September. 

'So delighted,' Honnold said once he reached the top at the climax of the movie, which narrates the climb and his preparations for it.

Alex Honnold peers over the edge of Glacier Point in Yosemite National Park. He had just climbed 2000 feet up from the valley floor

Alex Honnold climbs through the enduro corner on El Capitan's Freerider. His journey became the subject of a National Geographic documentary 'Free Solo' released earlier this year

Free solo climbing is an extreme technique practiced only by the most experienced climbers. They scale mountains with their bare hands and many die trying.

One climber quoted in the film put it this way: imagine if the penalty for Olympic athletes who failed to win gold every time they compete were death. That is the reality for free climbers. 

Honnold was accompanied by a filming team, who did use ropes, arrayed along the climbing path. A drone and two fixed cameras were also used, for the parts that are too difficult and dangerous for camera operators.   

In some places the rock looks practically smooth, leaving Honnold with nothing more than seemingly invisible bumps and other irregularities in the mountain's surface to get a toehold and hoist himself upward.

Staggering new photographs released by National Geographic show the vertical almost smooth rock face that Alex Honnold climbed in June last year without any ropes

Alex Honnold making the first free solo ascent of El Capitan's Freerider in Yosemite National Park, CA. Honnold underwent an MRI scan to determine whether or not he felt fear as a normal person would 

At times he can squeeze his fingers into a crack or work his thumb into a small hole. One particularly tricky spot is known as a 'Boulder Problem.' Here, Honnold has to perform a complicated set of arm and leg movements to keep moving ahead.

In months of training, working with a rope, he learned to execute those moves to perfection.

Still, on the day of the big climb, one cameraman looked away, unable to watch, as Honnold struggled to cling to the granite wall.

The movie's production team spent much of the time holding their breath against the nightmarish prospect of a fall.

But Honnold himself seemed so calm that researchers wondered if there was something different about his brain.

With this in mind, Honnold underwent an MRI in 2016 as he got ready for the ascent. That test, which is documented in the movie, shows that a part of the brain that was once usually associated with fear - the amygdala - did not activate when he was shown violent or frightening images.  

Alex Honnold free soloing the Scotty-Burke off width pitch of Freerider on Yosemite's El Capitan. Drones and fixed cameras were used to capture his journey, because it was too difficult and dangerous for camera crews to follow him in some parts 

Alex Honnold atop Lower Cathedral with El Capitan in the background. El Capitan is a vertical rock formation located on the north side of Yosemite Valley. The granite monolith is about 3,000 feet from base to summit along its tallest face

But, according to the latest research, the amygdala is no longer considered the fear center of the brain. Instead, it activates when a person sees something unfamiliar - whether positive, neutral or negative. 

And fear is expressed throughout the brain, not just the amygdala, according to Lisa Barrett, an emeritus professor of psychology at Northeastern University and the author of a recent article on the brain region.

Honnold himself said he knows what it is to be afraid.

'I'm afraid of death, I'm afraid of danger, I'm afraid of pain. I used to be very afraid of public speaking,' he told AFP last week on the sidelines of a pre-screening of the film in Washington.

His explanation of how he conquered fear is simpler. 'To me it just shows what 10 years of preparation and practice and de-sensitization does,' he said. Hard work has taught him to tame his feelings.

Alex Honnold sits atop the summit of El Capitan in June 2017, having just become the first person ever to climb the rock without a rope

One climber quoted in the film said imagine if the penalty for Olympic athletes who failed to win gold every time they compete were death - that is the reality for free climbers

For years he climbed El Capitan with the aid of ropes, recording all of his movements. He was in great physical shape for the solo climb.

The film suggests that Honnold's determination borders on obsession, to the point of his neglecting his girlfriend, Sanni McCandless. She calls him 'brutally honest' and a 'weird dude.'

She recalled how he reacted nonchalantly to news that a climber friend had died in a fall.

'What did she expect?' Honnold asked of the deceased friend's wife, according to McCandless. Honnold himself says he does not understand how his own death would affect other people.

At times Alex can squeeze his fingers into a crack or work his thumb into a small hole. One particularly tricky spot is known as a 'Boulder Problem.' Here, Honnold has to perform a complicated set of arm and leg movements to keep moving ahead

Alex Honnold getting his haircut by his girlfriend Sanni McCandless before attempting his free solo of El Capitan in June 2017

'This is the life he wants,' said the documentary's director, Chai Vasarhelyi, who co-directed it with her husband Jimmy Chin, a climber and photographer. 'He's thought about mortality deeply. He's constructed his entire existence to have this life.'

There was one thing Honnold did worry about: falling in front of the camera.

He said it would be 'kind of okay if I'm by myself' but 'kind of messed up' if it happened in front of his friends. 'Nobody wants to see that,' he said.   

In October, Honnold shared a note penned to his younger 18-year-old self on CBS This Morning, for the regular feature 'Note To Self'.

Alex Honnold at the base of El Capitan in Yosemite National Park. National Geographic's documentary film's 'Free Solo' was released in September in the US and will bereleased in UK cinemas on Friday 14th December

Honnold and his girlfriend Sanni McCandless are seen last month. They are the subjects of National Geographic's documentary film, Free Solo

Alex Honnold cleaning his van in Yosemite National Park, CA. In months of training, working with a rope, Alex learned to execute the moves he needed to free climb El Capitan

'Your lack of social skills will be one part of why you take up free soloing, climbing by yourself without a rope. But don't worry – you'll eventually find yourself right at home in the climbing community, surrounded by close friends and lifelong partners,' the note reads.

'Right now, you're afraid of so many things: strangers, girls, vegetables, falling to your death. That's fine; fear is a perfectly natural part of life. You will always feel fear. But over time you will realize that the only way to truly manage your fears is to broaden your comfort zone,' Honnold writes.

The note concludes: 'Climbing is a lifelong journey; use it to learn and grow. And Alex, don't forget to enjoy the view.' 

In this still photograph from National Geographic's documentary Free Solo, Alex Honnold writes down the day's climbing event in his climbing journal

Famed climber Alex Honnold shared the advice he'd give to his younger 18-year-old self in a note penned for a segment on CBS this morning in October

Honnold scaled the 3,000-ft El Capitan along the Freerider route (pictured) in just under four hours in June 2017, shattering the speed record for the route