China Hunkers Down for a Long Trade Fight

As the U.S. moves forward with plans to impose new tariffs, Beijing pours resources into growth-boosting infrastructure projects

BEIJING—China is shoring up its economy for a long trade conflict with the U.S., with government data released Wednesday showing a surge in imports of resources including coal, crude oil and iron ore.

As the U.S. moves forward with plans to impose new 25% tariffs on $16 billion in Chinese goods Aug. 23, Beijing said it will respond in kind on U.S. imports the same day.

“This...