During the past two decades, beneficial effects from aspirin, statins, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) have been observed in epidemiological studies, initially as preventive medicine for cardiovascular disease. Protective effects have also been seen against several cancer types, including malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. This protection was first described for colorectal cancer and later also for oesophageal adenocarcinoma.1 The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has increased by ten times during the past 40 years.