By Elias Glenn and Stella Qiu
The Trump administration's tariffs on $34 billion of Chinese imports are due to go into effect at 0401 GMT on Friday, which is just after midday in Beijing.
U.S. President Donald Trump has threatened to escalate the trade conflict with tariffs on as much as $450 billion worth of Chinese goods if China retaliates, with the row roiling financial markets including stocks, currencies and the global trade of commodities from soybeans to coal.
China has said it will not "fire the first shot", but its customs agency made clear on Thursday that Chinese tariffs on U.S. goods would take effect immediately after U.S. duties on Chinese goods kick in.
Speaking at a weekly news conference, Commerce Ministry spokesman Gao Feng warned the proposed U.S. tariffs would hit international supply chains, including foreign companies in the world's second-largest economy.
"If the U.S. implements tariffs, they will actually be adding tariffs on companies from all countries, including Chinese and U.S. companies," Gao said.
"U.S. measures are essentially attacking global supply and value chains. To put it simply, the U.S. is opening fire on the entire world, including itself," he said.
"China will not bow down in the face of threats and blackmail and will not falter from its determination to defend free trade and the multilateral system."
Asked whether U.S. companies would be targeted with "qualitative measures" in China in a trade war, Gao said the government would protect the legal rights of all foreign companies in the country.
"We will continue to assess the potential impact of the U.S.-initiated trade war on companies and will help companies mitigate possible shocks."
Gao said China's foreign trade was expected to continue on a stable path in the second half of the year, though investors fear a full-blown Sino-U.S. trade war would deal a body blow to Chinese exports and its economy.
Foreign companies accounted for $20 billion, or 59 percent, of the $34 billion of exports from China that will be subject to new U.S. tariffs, with U.S. firms accounting for a significant part of that 59 percent, Gao said.
China's plans to impose tariffs on hundreds of U.S. goods targets some top U.S. exports, including soybeans, sorghum and cotton, threatening U.S farmers in states that backed Trump, such as Texas and Iowa.
Chinese buying of soybeans has ground almost to a halt ahead of the duties, while Chinese farmers worry the penalties and tighter supplies will drive up costs, squeeze margins and ultimately inflate retail prices of pork, the country's top-selling meat.
In the latest sign that the risk of penalties is hitting trade, a vessel carrying U.S. coal and heading for China was diverted on Wednesday to Singapore.
GLOBAL RISKS
The World Trade Organization warned on Wednesday that trade barriers being erected by major economies could jeopardise the global economic recovery, with their effects already starting to show.
European officials have told Reuters that China had put pressure on the European Union to issue a strong joint statement against Trump's trade policies, but they had insisted on not taking sides..
Chinese stocks slipped on Thursday and the yuan gave back some of its recent gains against the dollar as a targeted cut of reserve requirements for banks took effect amid the heightened trade tensions.
China's central bank moved to calm jittery markets on Tuesday after the yuan dropped through the psychologically significant 6.7 to the dollar mark, hitting its lowest in almost a year.
A trade war with the United States could hit China's export machine, with recent data pointing to fatigue as credit expansion slowed and domestic demand looked to be softening.
China's second-quarter economic growth is expected to have slowed slightly from the previous quarter, a Reuters poll showed, as policymakers seek to mitigate the impact from a de-risking drive and the trade dispute with the United States.
CHINA MEDIA LAMBASTES U.S.
On Thursday, China's state media continued to lambaste the United States.
The widely read Global Times tabloid said in an editorial that China must prepare for containment by the United States.
"With strong manufacturing capability and huge market potential, China's development is difficult to suppress. But the country will encounter more barriers in future development, to which we should learn to adapt," it said.
"While the Trump administration is anxious about gains and losses, Chinese people have unfaltering confidence in China's future."
Both Chinese and U.S. business sources in China said there appeared to be little hope that the tariffs could be averted.
"I'm afraid not, for now," said Tu Xinquan, a trade expert at Beijing's University of International Business and Economics, who has advised the Chinese government.
A U.S. industry source said: "There is a 99 percent chance that tariffs go into force on Friday."
"Frankly, I don't know what action China could take at the moment that would allow the U.S. to not impose tariffs," the U.S. source said, adding that there was no evidence the two governments had any substantive engagement at the moment that could lead to the shelving of duties.
A senior Western diplomat told Reuters that there was no sign of any talks at the moment between the two countries, even via back channels.
The industry source said China had been unable to address the Trump administration's concerns about Chinese trade policies in at least five key area, including forced technology transfers, Chinese industrial overcapacity, government subsidies, SOE reform, and Beijing's restrictions in the cloud computing industry.
(Reporting by Elias Glenn and Stella Qiu; Additional reporting by Ben Blanchard and Michael Martina; Editing by Shri Navaratnam, Robert Birsel)
(This story has not been edited by Business Standard staff and is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)