Mile Jedinak earned Australia a battling draw from the penalty spot to keep their faint hopes of qualifying from Group C alive - but it was not without controversy.
It required an intervention from VAR to award the spot-kick, but Denmark were left fuming, claiming Yussuf Poulsen's handball was ball to hand and unintentional.
Australia named an unchanged side as they looked to pick up their first points of the 2018 World Cup from their Group C clash against Denmark.
The Socceroos were narrowly beaten 2-1 by France in their opener but coach Bert van Marwijk resisted the temptation to make alterations - meaning Tim Cahill once again started on the bench.
Denmark, who started with a 1-0 success against Peru, made one enforced change in Samara as Lasse Schone came in for the injured William Kvist.
It was Denmark who broke the deadlock in the seventh minute courtesy of a sensational strike from Christian Eriksen. Nicolai Jorgensen flicked a pass into the path of Eriksen on the edge of the box and the Tottenham midfielder smashed a half-volley, left-footed, into the roof of the net.
Denmark should have doubled their lead in the 25th minute when Jorgensen got his head to Henrik Dalsgaard's superb right-wing cross, but he somehow put it wide at the near post.
It had been all Denmark up to that point, but slowly Australia played their way back into the game and equalised in the 38th minute. But it required VAR. The Aussies forced a corner and Mathew Leckie saw his goal-bound effort blocked by Poulsen, prompting claims for handball. The referee reviewed the play and, after consultation with VAR, pointed to the spot. Jedinak stepped up to send Kasper Schmeichael the wrong way.
Australia came agonisingly close to taking the lead in the 70th minute as Schmeichel dropped a cross that landed at Leckie's feet, the midfielder smashed the ball across goal but Henrik Dalsgaard was able to make an excellent clearance from under his own bar.
The result leaves Denmark leading the group on four points ahead of France's match against Peru this afternoon. Australia are currently third with one point.
BVM speaks
The Australia manager Bert van Marwijk said after the game:
"After two games we should have four points. We deserved it. We didn’t lose but we had chances to win. The first part of the game we were not convinced we could play against them, then they saw the solution and from then on we controlled the game and Denmark were afraid of us. We were not lucky. I cannot blame them. They gave everything, they played very well."
73 min Denmark 1 Australia 1
Another Australia effort. Rogic curls an effort in from the edge of the box that's easily saved by Schmeichel. Denmark's Sisto then skews an effort just wide of the far post from about 25 yards out. In between times, Cornelius looked to have had his shirt pulled in the box but nothing doing from the referee.
70 min Denmark 1 Australia 1
Australia very close to taking the lead as Schmeichel drops a cross that lands at Leckie's feet. Leckie smashes the ball across goal but Dalsgaard makes an excelllent clearance from under his own bar.
Both sides make a substitution. Denmark replace Jorgensen with former Cardiff striker Cornelius. Australia take off Kruse off for the highly-rated youngster Arzani.
Denmark 1 Australia 1 at half-time
A really enjoyable first half. Eriksen put Denmark ahead with one of the goals of the tournament, before Australia battled back and just about deservedly scored an equaliser after another VAR intervention. The draw suits Denmark more than it does Australia, but it would be a surprise if Bert van Marwijk deviated from his counter-attacking tactics.
43 min Denmark 1 Australia 1
Denmark so nearly back in front! Eriksen's low free-kick from the right evades everyone until Sainsbury inadvertently knocks the ball towards his own goal. Thankfully for Australia the deflection takes the ball straight into goalkeeper Ryan's arms. That could have gone anywhere. This game has really livened up.
GOOOOOOAAAL! Denmark 1 Australia 1 (Jedinak pen 39')
Jedinak scored a penalty against France in Australia's opening World Cup game and will take this one. Schmeichel is chirping away at him. Can Jedinak hold his nerve? Yes he can! The Aussie captain sends Schmeichel the wrong way, rolling the ball to the keeper's left. We're level in Samara!
17 min Denmark 1 Australia 0
Australia's gameplan seemed to be to try and contain Denmark and hit them on the break. Despite going behind they're still playing in a similar way, holding their shape as Denmark pass the ball around in front of them.
Incidentally, look at how that Eriksen goal flew past Mathew Ryan.
6 min Denmark 0 Australia 0
Swift Australia breakaway led by Leckie ends with Rogic getting a shot away from the edge of the box that's deflected wide for a corner. Mooy swings the corner in beautifully to Leckie, who meets it powerfully but sends his header over the bar. Should have got that on target.
Kick-off
We're under way in Samara. All eyes on Christian Eriksen, and whether Mile Jedinak and Aaron Mooy can keep him at bay.
A reminder of the teams for this one:
Denmark (4-2-3-1): Schmeichel; Dalsgaard, Kjaer, Christensen, Stryger; Delaney, Schöne; Poulsen, Eriksen, Sisto; Jorgensen.
Australia (4-2-3-1): Ryan; Milligan, Behich, Risdon, Sainsbury; Mooy, Jedinak; Rogic, Leckie, Kruse; Nabbout.
VAR
We've heard a lot about VAR over the last few days, but this is very nice from Al Tyers: The unintended consequences of VAR.
Will Aussies rule?
The 2018 World Cup continues on Thursday with Denmark, who fortuitously scraped past Peru 1-0 in their opening World Cup match on Saturday, against Group C rivals Australia, who were unlucky to lose 2-1 to France a few hours earlier.
For Australia, today will pose a different challenge from the weekend. Against France they were dogged in defence - expertly marshalled by Mark Milligan and Trent Sainsbury - and had Mile Jedinak and Aaron Mooy snapping away at French heels in front of them. The tactic was to contain and frustrate France, and hope to land a sucker punch from set pieces. It very nearly worked.
This afternoon though will require a more proactive approach because Australia will be staring at elimination if they fail to win.
Denmark on the other hand can afford to be more reactive - as they were against Peru - and rely on the creativity of Christian Eriksen to unlock the Australian defence on the counter.
With Kasper Schmeichel on a run of five consecutive clean sheets for Denmark, they may well only need a single goal to claim the win that would all but send them to the last 16.
Ahead of the match, Australia manager Bert van Marwijk suggested Denmark would have no qualms about playing direct.
"They are physical," Van Marwijk told reporters on Wednesday. "The French they are more creative and have a lot of speed. The Danish can also play football and want to play football but when they don't see a solution they kick the ball as far as possible."
Denmark manager Age Hareide meanwhile acknowledged yesterday that Australia's game-plan will revolve around stopping Eriksen. "Christian is a player who can change matches and we try to get him involved as much as we can," Hareide said.
"The opponents, they are going to be very cautious and careful about him, but he is used to that, isn’t he, from the Premier League. We hope that we will get him up to a good level and that he will be able to show good things at this World Cup."
We'll be getting the team news at 12pm, if not before, and will very generously share it with you as soon as we have it.