The by-poll results of four Lok Sabha and 10 assembly seats across 11 states have caused murmurs of discontent in the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led National Democratic Alliance. The results also had leaders of the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) and Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) discovers redeeming features in the Congress.
The Janata Dal (United), the BJP’s ally in Bihar, which lost the Jokihat assembly seat to the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD), fumed at the increasing fuel prices. Shiv Sena chief Uddhav Thackeray threatened that his party would fight all future elections on its own, and accused the BJP of rigging the Palghar Lok Sabha by-poll.
The JD(U) defeat could spur desertions of Yadav and Muslim legislators of his party.
Meanwhile, Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu said the Congress was a better bet than the BJP at the current juncture. He said the TDP fought the anti-federal Congress governments of Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi, but now the situation was much worse.
Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal, also Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) chief, tweeted how people were “missing an educated PM like Manmohan Singh”. “It is dawning on people now. The PM, after all, should be educated,” Kejriwal tweeted and attached an article on steep fuel prices.
In Lucknow, Samajwadi Party chief Akhilesh Yadav too acknowledged the support of AAP, along with that of other opposition parties, for the Kairana Lok Sabha and Noorpur assembly wins. Rashtriya Lok Dal's Jayant Chaudhary also thanked AAP.
Communist Party of India (Marxist) General Secretary Sitaram Yechury said the by-poll results weren’t just about the unity of secular forces. He said the results also show that the BJP vote share had declined substantially from 2014.
“It is a big setback to the BJP-RSS as UP and Bihar gave them absolute majority,” Yechury said.
The BJP clearly has a problem on its hands. Uttar Pradesh and Bihar contributed 105-seats to its tally in 2014. It has now lost eight Lok Sabha by-polls in the last four years, including three successive losses in UP and two seats in Rajasthan.
BJP chief Amit Shah has been talking of his party's strategy to offset its losses in northern Indian states by winning in northeast, West Bengal, Odisha, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The BJP lacks a strong structure in southern states. In Odisha and Bengal, it is faced with strong regional leaders. The entire northeastern sends 25-seats to the Lok Sabha, compared with 135 of UP, Bihar and Jharkhand. The BJP failed to wrest from the united opposition the two seats that had polls in Jharkhand.
For the BJP, more worrying than its losses was its vote shares in three of the four Lok Sabha seats – two in Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh’s Kairana – were lower than the vote shares it had won in 2014 on these very seats.
The BJP’s defeats have also taken the sheen off Narendra Modi government’s celebrations to mark its four years, with questions being asked about increasing fuel prices, agrarian distress and joblessness. The Modi government hopes to turn the tide in the heartland by reaching out to sections of the OBCs. It has plans to subdivide the OBC category to allocate specific quotas to most backward castes, or MBCs.
The BJP faces challenging assembly elections by the end of the year in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Mizoram. In Madhya Pradesh, the Shivraj Singh Chouhan-led government faces a sustained farmer protest on the anniversary of the Mandsaur police firing.
Within the BJP, leaders tried to put the blame of defeats in Uttar Pradesh’s Kairana Lok Sabha and Noorpur assembly seats on the Yogi Adityanath-led BJP government in Uttar Pradesh. BJP MP Bhartendra Singh said leaders that the party has projected “seem more like appointees than people’s leaders”. BJP Rajya Sabha member Subramanian Swamy said the “huge setback” was due to “hubris”, but there was still time to take corrective measures.