The call came at a time of heightened tensions after US President Donald Trump on Thursday authorised tariffs on as much as $60 billion of Chinese imports, targeting sectors in which Washington says Beijing has stolen American technology.
Liu He, a Harvard-educated Communist Party official who was elevated on Monday to the key role of vice premier, is expected to oversee China's financial and economic sectors.
On the phone, he accused a US investigation of violating international trade rules and told Mnuchin that Beijing was ready to defend its interests, Xinhua said.
"China is ready to defend its national interests and hopes that both sides will remain rational and work together to safeguard the overall stability of China-US economic and trade relations," Xinhua cited Liu as saying.

Liu He told US Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin that Beijing was ready to defend its interests.
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It unveiled a hit list of products from fresh fruit to pork that could face duties of up to 25 percent, though it stopped short of pulling the trigger as it indicated its readiness to negotiate an agreement.(Except for the headline, this story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is published from a syndicated feed.)