Corinth

Dennis Morreale remembers the first time he saw Corinth. It was 1961 and the community, known as the Gateway to the Adirondacks, was bustling.

"I fell in love," Morreale said. "I loved the people. Everyone was friendly. The village was so clean and the environment was pristine. You could be in the forest or at the river in minutes."

He was just a teen and spent only one semester in a Corinth school before his military family moved away again. But he longed to return and did as an adult, raising his family here.

More Information

Corinth Bicentennial

Events include:

March 25: Founders' Dinner

April 20: Time capsule opening

June 27: Town Fun Day

July 7: Independence Day celebration and parade

Aug: 18, Parade and fireworks

To see all of the events go to www.town ofcorinthny.org

Income and poverty

Compared to its neighbors, Corinth is faring worse in terms of its wealth.

Median household income

2010 2016 Percent change

Village of Corinth$47,835 $41,131 -14%

South Glens Falls$48,327 $44,460 -8%

Town of Corinth$49,390 $52,349 6%

Clifton Park$87,747 $97,000 11%

Saratoga Springs$61,184 $74,661 22%

Poverty

2012 2016 Percent change

South Glens Falls6.60% 12.40% 88%

Village of Corinth14.10% 20% 42%

Clifton Park2.70% 2.80% 4%

Saratoga Springs7.50% 6.50% -13%

Town of Corinth16.20% 11.50% -29%

Median income in the village of Corinth

2010 2016 Percent change

Male, full-time$46,875 $41,048 -12%

All workers$27,167 $27,207 0%

Female, full-time$30,163 $32,232 7%

Source: U.S. Census

"The schools were excellent, the jobs were great," Morreale said. "But it's in a hard position now."

That's no exaggeration.

As the town approaches its bicentennial, Corinth is struggling through its toughest economic times.

Statistics from both the state Department of Education and the U.S. Census Bureau bear that out for the town of 6,531 residents that incorporates a separately governed village.

Fifty percent of students in the Corinth school district during the 2016-17 school year were eligible for free and reduced price lunches, a key poverty indicator. Just the year before, the figure was 44 percent; in 1996-97, the first year the statistic was reported to the state, it was 22.6 percent.

The poverty is also dramatic in comparison to the district's neighbors to the south and east. In the Saratoga Springs district, 21 percent of pupils qualify for free and reduced price lunches. In the Shenendehowa district, the number stands at 11 percent. At South Glens Falls, a district closer to Corinth in character and location, 32 percent of students are eligible.

According to census data, median household income in the village of Corinth in 2016 was $41,131, down from $47,835 in 2010. In the town, where new homes have been built in recent years, median household income rose from $49,390 in 2010 to $52,349 in 2016. Saratoga Springs' median household income was $73,661 and Clifton Park's $97,000, while in South Glens Falls it was $44,460, according to census data.

The census also shows a rise in the number of people in the village of Corinth living in poverty (below $25,283 for a family of four), from 14.1 percent in 2012 to 20 percent in 2016. Meanwhile, the poverty rate for town residents dropped from 16.2 percent in 2012 to 11.5 percent in 2016. In 2016, census data showed poverty rates of 12.4 percent in South Glens Falls, 6.5 percent in Saratoga Springs and 2.8 percent in Clifton Park.

No one understands the descent better than Corinth Town Supervisor Dick Lucia, who has lived in Corinth all his life. Like Morreale, he can easily wax nostalgic about the days when everyone, himself included, held a decent paying job at International Paper.

"I worked there, my grandfather worked there, my father, my uncles, my aunts and my cousins worked there," Lucia said. "It was very good to me."

When the town celebrated its sesquicentennial 50 years ago, Lucia said Corinth could boast three car dealerships, three drugstores, three grocery stories, two department stores, two furniture stores and a host of other businesses and eateries along its main streets.

But now, Lucia admits, "I'm just happy to keep the town going."

A vibrant past

Clinging to the curvy banks of the Upper Hudson River overlooking the mighty Palmer Falls, Corinth used to be a magnet for industry. In the early 1800s, it wasn't just paper. The river powered factories for shirts, woolens, chairs and tools. There was also a tannery and a gristmill.

Paper, however, was king because the Hudson's waters made a convenient conveyor of timber from the Adirondacks. In January 1898, 17 mills along the Hudson merged to create IP.

It reached its heyday in the 1950s and '60s when IP brought the biggest paper manufacturing machine in the world to Corinth. Town Historian Rachel Clothier, who is writing a bicentennial commemorative book on Corinth, said that in its heyday the mill was the single biggest employer, public or private, in Saratoga County. By 1965, IP's payroll peaked at $9 million annually for a work force of 1,500. Back then, the population was less than it is today, about 3,100.

"Corinth was very vibrant," Clothier said of that time. "Large numbers of people were employed at the mill and there was money here to maintain the businesses."

Community life revolved around the mill, which built a commissary where workers not only ate their meals but the whole town enjoyed recreational activities such as holiday parties, boxing, bowling, rifle range shooting and basketball games.

"Everyone went there," Lucia said. "Workers, their children, their grandchildren. It was the place to be."

But just as the town's fortunes rose with the mill, they also fell. By the late 1970s, the plant had begun a slow demise that ended with its closing in 2002, throwing the plant's last 290 workers out of work and ending IP's 114-year reign in Corinth. The closing came amid a general decline in the U.S. paper industry, which was beset by higher energy costs, tougher competition and falling demand for its products.

The mill, along with the beloved commissary was eventually demolished.

Morreale said many were hurt by the closing.

"A lot of people were dependent on the mill," he said. "A lot of people moved out. A lot of businesses moved out. A lot of property values dropped."

It also transformed Corinth from a center of commerce to a bedroom community, from which people had to commute for work.

Need 'another industry'

The only remnant of IP is the brick administration building and time office on Pine Street, where company workers walked through the arched entry every day to punch in and out. Southern New Hampshire University professor and Corinth native Stephen Cernek is working to transform the 112-year-old building into the Hudson River Mill Museum. Thus far, he has been successful in having the building placed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was the first building in Corinth to receive that designation.

"History is centered in that building," Cernek has said.

The prospect of the museum forms a bright spot in a community still reeling from IP's closure.

"There are not a lot of jobs in town," Lucia said. "Not a lot of industry. We are fortunate that taxes have remained the same. It's getting more and more difficult to run the town. Assessments are staying down. We need to get another industry."

Morreale believes that Corinth is poised to turn an economic corner. For one thing, a handful of small businesses have opened downtown, including an eatery called Main Street Dogs, which is getting good reviews.

Lucia and Morreale are also working with the Empire State Development Corp. and Saratoga Economic Development Corp. to bring another industry to the IP site. They are somewhat optimistic because all of the necessary infrastructure is in place — water, sewer, electric, natural gas and a working railroad bed. In 2015, IP also agreed to separate its old sludge dumps out from the main property, which was a sticking point for investors who didn't want to be saddled with the waste. Those who want to purchase the property no longer need to purchase the dump parcel too.

"We are trying to come up with a plan for a good, clean industry," Morreale said. "We are working with the town board. We both want to work on this."

Yet another issue lingers, Lucia said. Corinth is eight miles away from the Northway corridor. Some industries don't want to deal with their trucks having to drive over the narrow, curvy and mountainous road from the Northway in Wilton to Corinth.

"We have all of the amenities," Lucia said. "People come here and say it's a beautiful place. They love the school, the river, the mountains, but they don't like the mountain road."

Hope in tough times

Whether or not another industry moves into Corinth, Lucia and Morreale said they need to bolster the tax base. It is especially urgent for the village because the sewer treatment plant and water filtration system need updates. The village will spend about $21 million, a portion of which will be paid over a 30-year period with a 0 percent interest loan, on the updates. The spending has forced the village to make some tough decisions, including eliminating its designated Saratoga County Sheriff's Office deputy position for patrolling the village.

That angered residents who fear response times in an event of an emergency will be longer. But at the cost of $356,000 a year, Morreale and the village board felt they could not do it without raising taxes on residents who are already under fiscal stress.

"We are a low-income community," Morreale said last spring. "There are a lot of people on the edge — seniors, veterans — who can't pay their taxes, water, sewer and mortgage now."

Corinth residents are also anxious about another historic landmark — the long-vacant Main Street School building. Owned by the Corinth school district, the building was slated to be razed for a parking lot. But community outcry prompted the school board to reconsider.

But with so many of its 1,192 students living at or below the poverty level, the district has wider concerns — one of which is feeding its students. The Jimmer Fredette Foundation helps by paying for lunches for students whose families just miss the poverty cutoff, but still can't afford lunch. The district also has its own program, Corinth Aims to Reach Everyone, that provides free clothing and toiletries to children. The program also fills backpacks with food for children to take home on Fridays to stave off hunger over the weekend.

"We, as a district, have to provide more than education," Corinth School Superintendent Mark Stratton said. "We have to provide them with nourishment for their mental and physical health. The district is lucky to have a very strong, talented faculty and staff who are advocates for the students and the community."

The 136 faculty and staff are not the only ones committed to the community. Many longtime Corinthians can't imagine living anywhere else.

"There is so much natural beauty here," said Nicole Colson, the village clerk/treasurer who left for college and a career but came back. "Water sports, trail systems, the mountain. There are so many outdoor activities to do here. I love Corinth and wanted to come back. I want to see the community do well."

Lucia hopes it can and places his hope in the people. He points to last November when a horrific house fire killed a mother and her teenage daughter.

"The community rallied around the family," Lucia said. "They got them whatever they needed. We have a fantastic community."

wliberatore@timesunion.com - 518-454-5445 - @wendyliberatore