Ardmore Shipping announces 2017 loss of USD 12.5 million
Ardmore Shipping Corporation announced results for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2017.
Highlights and Recent Activity
Reported a net loss of USD 12.5 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, or $0.37 basic and diluted loss per share, as compared to a net profit of $3.7 million, or $0.12 basic and diluted earnings per share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016. The Company reported EBITDA (see Non-GAAP Measures section below) of $45.7 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $54.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016.
Reported a net loss of $3.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017, or $0.12 basic and diluted loss per share, as compared to a net loss of $3.7 million, or $0.11 basic and diluted loss per share, for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The Company reported EBITDA (see Non-GAAP Measures section below) of $11.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $10.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016.
Acquired the Ardmore Sealancer, a high-quality 47,500 Dwt MR product tanker constructed at Onomichi Dockyard Co. Ltd. in Japan in 2008. Ardmore took delivery of the vessel on January 23, 2018.
Repurchased 1,435,654 of Ardmore’s common shares for $11.1 million in the aggregate in November 2017, as part of the GA Holdings LLC secondary offering. Ardmore’s repurchase price of $7.72 per share represented a significant discount to net asset value, thereby realizing substantial value for shareholders. Transaction underwriters exercised an over-allotment option in January 2018 resulting in proceeds to the Company of $2.4 million.
Spot and pool MR tankers earned an average TCE rate of $12,975 per day for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, including $12,131 per day in the three months ended December 31, 2017. Eco-Design chemical tankers earned an average of $11,949 per day for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, including $13,369 per day for the three months ended December 31, 2017.
Maintaining our dividend policy of paying out 60% of earnings from continuing operations. Consistent with this policy, the Company is not declaring a dividend for the fourth quarter of 2017.
Anthony Gurnee, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, said that “Ardmore continues to execute on its strategy in spite of soft charter market conditions. Throughout 2017, we achieved a number of key accomplishments that we believe position Ardmore to benefit from long-term trends driving the market for MR product and chemical tankers. We completed an accretive share purchase of 1.4 million shares in the fourth quarter at a steep discount to net asset value, thus improving per share earnings power. We remain intensely focused on operating performance, cost efficiency and building value through improvements to ROIC. We are pleased to have taken delivery of the Ardmore Sealancer, a high-quality 2008 Japanese-built MR, in January 2018. With its low break-even and attractive price equating to a 30% discount to age-adjusted newbuild, we expect the vessel to boost earnings growth in an improving charter market and build value for shareholders.”
The charter market was soft overall for 2017, in spite of some strength during the summer months. Nevertheless, we believe that underlying fundamentals will prevail in 2018; oil demand growth remains firm as the global economy continues to strengthen and oil inventories have declined to more normalized levels, enabling trading activity to resume and re-introducing an additional layer of tonne-mile demand for MRs. Meanwhile, MR supply growth is less than 1%, setting the stage for a potential strong and sustained charter market recovery.
With a strong balance sheet, modern fleet, low cost structure and revenue days set to increase again in 2018, we believe Ardmore is well positioned to take advantage of the anticipated charter market recovery and thus generate strong returns and value accretion for our shareholders.”
Summary of Recent and Fourth Quarter 2017 Events
Fleet
Fleet Operations and Employment
The Company has 28 vessels currently in operation including the Ardmore Sealancer, comprising 22 Eco MR tankers ranging from 45,000 Dwt to 49,999 Dwt (15 Eco-Design and seven Eco-Mod) and six Eco-Design IMO 2 product / chemical tankers ranging from 25,000 Dwt to 37,800 Dwt.
MR Tankers (45,000 Dwt – 49,999 Dwt)
At the end of the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company had 21 Eco MR tankers trading in the spot market or in pools. The Eco MR tankers, earned an average of $12,131 per day in the fourth quarter of 2017. Overall for the quarter, our 15 Eco-Design MR tankers earned $12,042 per day, and our six Eco-Mod MR tankers earned $13,163 per day.
In the first quarter of 2018, the Company expects to have all revenue days for its MR Eco-Design and MR Eco-Mod tankers employed in the spot market or in pools. As of February 7, 2018, the Company has fixed approximately 45% of its total MR spot and pool revenue days for the first quarter of 2018 at approximately $13,300 per day.
Product / Chemical Tankers (IMO 2: 25,000 Dwt – 37,800 Dwt)
At the end of the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company had six Eco-Design IMO 2 product / chemical tankers in operation, all of which were trading in the spot market or in pools. During the fourth quarter of 2017, across all employment types, the Company’s six Eco-Design product / chemical vessels earned an average daily rate of $13,369 per day in the quarter.
In the first quarter of 2018, the Company expects to have all of its revenue days for its Eco-Design IMO 2 product / chemical tankers employed in the spot market or in pools. As of February 7, 2018, the Company has fixed approximately 87% of its Eco-Design IMO 2 product / chemical tankers spot and pool revenue days for the first quarter of 2018 at approximately $12,000 per day.
Drydocking
The Company had 15 drydock days in the fourth quarter of 2017. Ardmore expects 18 scheduled drydock days in the first quarter of 2018.
Vessel Delivery and Financing
On January 23, 2018, Ardmore took delivery of its most recent vessel acquisition, the Ardmore Sealancer, a 2008 MR product tanker built at Onomichi, Japan. Upon delivery, and repositioning, the vessel commenced employment in the spot market. The vessel was partly financed under a Japan operating lease arrangement which was completed on January 30, 2018.
Ardmore completed a new $15 million revolving credit facility in October 2017, further improving its financial flexibility. The total amount drawn down on this facility to date is $11.4 million, resulting in a cash balance as at January 31, 2018 of $44.8 million.
Share Repurchase
In November 2017, Ardmore repurchased 1,435,654 of its own common shares for $11.1 million, in the aggregate, from GA Holdings LLC as part of GA Holdings’ secondary offering. The repurchase price of $7.72 per share represented a significant discount to net asset value, thereby realizing substantial value for Ardmore shareholders. To facilitate an orderly execution of the secondary offering, Ardmore granted the underwriter an option to purchase additional shares of its common stock, which option the underwriter exercised in January 2018, for a total of 305,459 shares, resulting in proceeds to the Company of $2.4 million.
Dividend
Based on the Company’s policy of paying out dividends equal to 60% of earnings from continuing operations, the Company’s Board of Directors has not declared a dividend for the quarter ended December 31, 2017, in which the Company reported a loss from continuing operations of $3.8 million. The Company did not pay out dividends for the first three quarters of 2017. The Company paid out a total of $0.27 per share in dividends for the full year 2016. The Company’s Board of Directors reaffirmed its intention to maintain a policy of paying out dividends equal to 60% of earnings from continuing operations moving forward. Earnings from continuing operations is defined as earnings per share (“EPS”) reported under U.S. GAAP, as adjusted for unrealized and realized gains and losses and extraordinary items.
Results for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016
The Company reported a net loss of $3.8 million, or $0.12 basic and diluted loss per share, for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a net loss of $3.7 million, or $0.11 basic and diluted loss per share, for the three months ended December 31, 2016. For the three months ended December 31, 2017, the Company reported EBITDA (see “Non-GAAP Measures” section below) of $11.0 million, an increase of $0.1 million from $10.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016.
Results for the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016
The Company reported a net loss of $12.5 million, or $0.37 basic and diluted loss per share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to net profit of $3.7 million, or $0.12 basic and diluted earnings per share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, the Company reported EBITDA (see “Non-GAAP Measures” section below) of $45.7 million, a decrease of $8.5 million from $54.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Results for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016
Revenue. Revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2017 was $47.8 million, an increase of $4.6 million from $43.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016.
Our average number of owned vessels remained at 27.0 for the three months ended December 31, 2017, consistent with the three months ended December 31, 2016, resulting in revenue days of 2,438 for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to 2,417 for the three months ended December 31, 2016.
We had 19 and 17 vessels employed directly in the spot market as at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. For spot chartering, we had 1,704 revenue days for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to 1,465 for the three months ended December 31, 2016. This increase in revenue days derived from spot chartering, resulted in an increase in revenue of $5.0 million, while changes in spot rates resulted in an increase in revenue of $2.7 million.
We had eight and 10 vessels employed under time charter and pool arrangements as at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Revenue days derived from time charter and pool arrangements were 734 for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to 952 for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in revenue days in time charter and pool arrangements resulted in a decrease in revenue of $2.8 million, while a decrease in pool earnings for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 resulted in a decrease in revenue of $0.3 million.
In direct spot employment, all voyage expenses are borne by Ardmore as opposed to the charterer, while under time chartering and pool arrangements, the charterer typically pays voyage expenses.
For vessels employed directly in the spot market, revenue is recognized on a gross freight basis, while under time chartering and pool arrangements, the charterer typically pays voyage expenses and revenue is recognized on a net basis.
Commissions and Voyage Related Costs. Commissions and voyage related costs were $17.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $4.1 million from $13.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016. Commissions and voyage related costs increased due to the increased number of spot revenue days for the three months ended December 31, 2017. Revenue days increased to 2,438 for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to 2,417 for the three months ended December 31, 2016. For spot chartering arrangements, we had 1,704 revenue days for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to 1,465 for the three months ended December 31, 2016.
TCE Rate. The average TCE rate for our fleet was $12,583 per day for the three months ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $276 per day from $12,307 per day for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The increase in average TCE rate was the result of higher spot rates for the three months ended December 31, 2017.
Vessel Operating Expenses. Vessel operating expenses were $16.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017, consistent with the three months ended December 31, 2016. Due to the nature of this expenditure, vessel operating expenses are prone to fluctuations between periods. Fleet operating costs per day, including technical management fees, were $6,269 for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,531 for the three months ended December 31, 2016.
Depreciation. Depreciation expense for the three months ended December 31, 2017 was $8.6 million, an increase of $0.1 million from $8.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016.
Amortization of Deferred Drydock Expenditure. Amortization of deferred drydock expenditure for the three months ended December 31, 2017 was $1.0 million, an increase of $0.3 million from $0.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The capitalized costs of drydockings for a given vessel are depreciated on a straight-line basis to the next scheduled drydocking of the vessel.
General and Administrative Expenses: Corporate. Corporate-related general and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2017 were $2.5 million, an increase of $0.5 million from $2.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016. This increase reflects an increase in staff costs in the three months ended December 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2016.
General and Administrative Expenses: Commercial and Chartering. Commercial and chartering expenses are the expenses attributable to our chartering and commercial operations departments in connection with our spot trading activities. Commercial and chartering expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2017 were $0.6 million, a decrease of $0.2 million from $0.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016. This reduction is due to costs savings realized by bringing our post-fixture operations in house.
Interest Expense and Finance Costs. Interest expense and finance costs include loan interest, capital lease interest, and amortization of deferred financing fees, and are net of capitalized interest. Interest expense and finance costs for the three months ended December 31, 2017 were $5.4 million, consistent with the three months ended December 31, 2016. Cash interest expense for the three months ended December 31, 2017 increased by $0.6 million to $4.7 million, from $4.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016. This increase in cash interest expense is attributable to an increased average LIBOR during the three months ended December 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2016, as well as a change in debt structure due to our new capital leases. Amortization of deferred financing charges for the three months ended December 31, 2017 was $0.7 million, as compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in amortization of deferred financing charges is due to the write-off of deferred finance fees for terminated credit facilities.
Highlights and Recent Activity
Reported a net loss of USD 12.5 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, or $0.37 basic and diluted loss per share, as compared to a net profit of $3.7 million, or $0.12 basic and diluted earnings per share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016. The Company reported EBITDA (see Non-GAAP Measures section below) of $45.7 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $54.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016.
Reported a net loss of $3.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017, or $0.12 basic and diluted loss per share, as compared to a net loss of $3.7 million, or $0.11 basic and diluted loss per share, for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The Company reported EBITDA (see Non-GAAP Measures section below) of $11.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $10.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016.
Acquired the Ardmore Sealancer, a high-quality 47,500 Dwt MR product tanker constructed at Onomichi Dockyard Co. Ltd. in Japan in 2008. Ardmore took delivery of the vessel on January 23, 2018.
Repurchased 1,435,654 of Ardmore’s common shares for $11.1 million in the aggregate in November 2017, as part of the GA Holdings LLC secondary offering. Ardmore’s repurchase price of $7.72 per share represented a significant discount to net asset value, thereby realizing substantial value for shareholders. Transaction underwriters exercised an over-allotment option in January 2018 resulting in proceeds to the Company of $2.4 million.
Spot and pool MR tankers earned an average TCE rate of $12,975 per day for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, including $12,131 per day in the three months ended December 31, 2017. Eco-Design chemical tankers earned an average of $11,949 per day for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, including $13,369 per day for the three months ended December 31, 2017.
Maintaining our dividend policy of paying out 60% of earnings from continuing operations. Consistent with this policy, the Company is not declaring a dividend for the fourth quarter of 2017.
Anthony Gurnee, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, said that “Ardmore continues to execute on its strategy in spite of soft charter market conditions. Throughout 2017, we achieved a number of key accomplishments that we believe position Ardmore to benefit from long-term trends driving the market for MR product and chemical tankers. We completed an accretive share purchase of 1.4 million shares in the fourth quarter at a steep discount to net asset value, thus improving per share earnings power. We remain intensely focused on operating performance, cost efficiency and building value through improvements to ROIC. We are pleased to have taken delivery of the Ardmore Sealancer, a high-quality 2008 Japanese-built MR, in January 2018. With its low break-even and attractive price equating to a 30% discount to age-adjusted newbuild, we expect the vessel to boost earnings growth in an improving charter market and build value for shareholders.”
The charter market was soft overall for 2017, in spite of some strength during the summer months. Nevertheless, we believe that underlying fundamentals will prevail in 2018; oil demand growth remains firm as the global economy continues to strengthen and oil inventories have declined to more normalized levels, enabling trading activity to resume and re-introducing an additional layer of tonne-mile demand for MRs. Meanwhile, MR supply growth is less than 1%, setting the stage for a potential strong and sustained charter market recovery.
With a strong balance sheet, modern fleet, low cost structure and revenue days set to increase again in 2018, we believe Ardmore is well positioned to take advantage of the anticipated charter market recovery and thus generate strong returns and value accretion for our shareholders.”
Summary of Recent and Fourth Quarter 2017 Events
Fleet
Fleet Operations and Employment
The Company has 28 vessels currently in operation including the Ardmore Sealancer, comprising 22 Eco MR tankers ranging from 45,000 Dwt to 49,999 Dwt (15 Eco-Design and seven Eco-Mod) and six Eco-Design IMO 2 product / chemical tankers ranging from 25,000 Dwt to 37,800 Dwt.
MR Tankers (45,000 Dwt – 49,999 Dwt)
At the end of the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company had 21 Eco MR tankers trading in the spot market or in pools. The Eco MR tankers, earned an average of $12,131 per day in the fourth quarter of 2017. Overall for the quarter, our 15 Eco-Design MR tankers earned $12,042 per day, and our six Eco-Mod MR tankers earned $13,163 per day.
In the first quarter of 2018, the Company expects to have all revenue days for its MR Eco-Design and MR Eco-Mod tankers employed in the spot market or in pools. As of February 7, 2018, the Company has fixed approximately 45% of its total MR spot and pool revenue days for the first quarter of 2018 at approximately $13,300 per day.
Product / Chemical Tankers (IMO 2: 25,000 Dwt – 37,800 Dwt)
At the end of the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company had six Eco-Design IMO 2 product / chemical tankers in operation, all of which were trading in the spot market or in pools. During the fourth quarter of 2017, across all employment types, the Company’s six Eco-Design product / chemical vessels earned an average daily rate of $13,369 per day in the quarter.
In the first quarter of 2018, the Company expects to have all of its revenue days for its Eco-Design IMO 2 product / chemical tankers employed in the spot market or in pools. As of February 7, 2018, the Company has fixed approximately 87% of its Eco-Design IMO 2 product / chemical tankers spot and pool revenue days for the first quarter of 2018 at approximately $12,000 per day.
Drydocking
The Company had 15 drydock days in the fourth quarter of 2017. Ardmore expects 18 scheduled drydock days in the first quarter of 2018.
Vessel Delivery and Financing
On January 23, 2018, Ardmore took delivery of its most recent vessel acquisition, the Ardmore Sealancer, a 2008 MR product tanker built at Onomichi, Japan. Upon delivery, and repositioning, the vessel commenced employment in the spot market. The vessel was partly financed under a Japan operating lease arrangement which was completed on January 30, 2018.
Ardmore completed a new $15 million revolving credit facility in October 2017, further improving its financial flexibility. The total amount drawn down on this facility to date is $11.4 million, resulting in a cash balance as at January 31, 2018 of $44.8 million.
Share Repurchase
In November 2017, Ardmore repurchased 1,435,654 of its own common shares for $11.1 million, in the aggregate, from GA Holdings LLC as part of GA Holdings’ secondary offering. The repurchase price of $7.72 per share represented a significant discount to net asset value, thereby realizing substantial value for Ardmore shareholders. To facilitate an orderly execution of the secondary offering, Ardmore granted the underwriter an option to purchase additional shares of its common stock, which option the underwriter exercised in January 2018, for a total of 305,459 shares, resulting in proceeds to the Company of $2.4 million.
Dividend
Based on the Company’s policy of paying out dividends equal to 60% of earnings from continuing operations, the Company’s Board of Directors has not declared a dividend for the quarter ended December 31, 2017, in which the Company reported a loss from continuing operations of $3.8 million. The Company did not pay out dividends for the first three quarters of 2017. The Company paid out a total of $0.27 per share in dividends for the full year 2016. The Company’s Board of Directors reaffirmed its intention to maintain a policy of paying out dividends equal to 60% of earnings from continuing operations moving forward. Earnings from continuing operations is defined as earnings per share (“EPS”) reported under U.S. GAAP, as adjusted for unrealized and realized gains and losses and extraordinary items.
Results for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016
The Company reported a net loss of $3.8 million, or $0.12 basic and diluted loss per share, for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a net loss of $3.7 million, or $0.11 basic and diluted loss per share, for the three months ended December 31, 2016. For the three months ended December 31, 2017, the Company reported EBITDA (see “Non-GAAP Measures” section below) of $11.0 million, an increase of $0.1 million from $10.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016.
Results for the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016
The Company reported a net loss of $12.5 million, or $0.37 basic and diluted loss per share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to net profit of $3.7 million, or $0.12 basic and diluted earnings per share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, the Company reported EBITDA (see “Non-GAAP Measures” section below) of $45.7 million, a decrease of $8.5 million from $54.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Results for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016
Revenue. Revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2017 was $47.8 million, an increase of $4.6 million from $43.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016.
Our average number of owned vessels remained at 27.0 for the three months ended December 31, 2017, consistent with the three months ended December 31, 2016, resulting in revenue days of 2,438 for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to 2,417 for the three months ended December 31, 2016.
We had 19 and 17 vessels employed directly in the spot market as at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. For spot chartering, we had 1,704 revenue days for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to 1,465 for the three months ended December 31, 2016. This increase in revenue days derived from spot chartering, resulted in an increase in revenue of $5.0 million, while changes in spot rates resulted in an increase in revenue of $2.7 million.
We had eight and 10 vessels employed under time charter and pool arrangements as at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Revenue days derived from time charter and pool arrangements were 734 for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to 952 for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in revenue days in time charter and pool arrangements resulted in a decrease in revenue of $2.8 million, while a decrease in pool earnings for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 resulted in a decrease in revenue of $0.3 million.
In direct spot employment, all voyage expenses are borne by Ardmore as opposed to the charterer, while under time chartering and pool arrangements, the charterer typically pays voyage expenses.
For vessels employed directly in the spot market, revenue is recognized on a gross freight basis, while under time chartering and pool arrangements, the charterer typically pays voyage expenses and revenue is recognized on a net basis.
Commissions and Voyage Related Costs. Commissions and voyage related costs were $17.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $4.1 million from $13.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016. Commissions and voyage related costs increased due to the increased number of spot revenue days for the three months ended December 31, 2017. Revenue days increased to 2,438 for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to 2,417 for the three months ended December 31, 2016. For spot chartering arrangements, we had 1,704 revenue days for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to 1,465 for the three months ended December 31, 2016.
TCE Rate. The average TCE rate for our fleet was $12,583 per day for the three months ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $276 per day from $12,307 per day for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The increase in average TCE rate was the result of higher spot rates for the three months ended December 31, 2017.
Vessel Operating Expenses. Vessel operating expenses were $16.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017, consistent with the three months ended December 31, 2016. Due to the nature of this expenditure, vessel operating expenses are prone to fluctuations between periods. Fleet operating costs per day, including technical management fees, were $6,269 for the three months ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $6,531 for the three months ended December 31, 2016.
Depreciation. Depreciation expense for the three months ended December 31, 2017 was $8.6 million, an increase of $0.1 million from $8.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016.
Amortization of Deferred Drydock Expenditure. Amortization of deferred drydock expenditure for the three months ended December 31, 2017 was $1.0 million, an increase of $0.3 million from $0.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The capitalized costs of drydockings for a given vessel are depreciated on a straight-line basis to the next scheduled drydocking of the vessel.
General and Administrative Expenses: Corporate. Corporate-related general and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2017 were $2.5 million, an increase of $0.5 million from $2.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016. This increase reflects an increase in staff costs in the three months ended December 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2016.
General and Administrative Expenses: Commercial and Chartering. Commercial and chartering expenses are the expenses attributable to our chartering and commercial operations departments in connection with our spot trading activities. Commercial and chartering expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2017 were $0.6 million, a decrease of $0.2 million from $0.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016. This reduction is due to costs savings realized by bringing our post-fixture operations in house.
Interest Expense and Finance Costs. Interest expense and finance costs include loan interest, capital lease interest, and amortization of deferred financing fees, and are net of capitalized interest. Interest expense and finance costs for the three months ended December 31, 2017 were $5.4 million, consistent with the three months ended December 31, 2016. Cash interest expense for the three months ended December 31, 2017 increased by $0.6 million to $4.7 million, from $4.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016. This increase in cash interest expense is attributable to an increased average LIBOR during the three months ended December 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2016, as well as a change in debt structure due to our new capital leases. Amortization of deferred financing charges for the three months ended December 31, 2017 was $0.7 million, as compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in amortization of deferred financing charges is due to the write-off of deferred finance fees for terminated credit facilities.
Posted By : Nanda Koijam on Fri, 09 Feb 2018