The dramatic interception exercise tested the communist country’s defence system, which is designed to protect China from threats, including North Korea.
Beijing said it had achieved “expected goals”, but stressed “this test was defensive and not aimed at any country”.
It comes as the US failed to shoot down a mock explosive in Hawaii – prompting concerns in the Pentagon that China was outperforming the Americans.
US supremo Donald Trump ordered the test in response to constant threats from nuke-mad North Korea.
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Pyongyang tyrant Kim Jong-un tested Trump by carrying out dozens of missile and nuke tests last year.
It is believed some of the long-range explosives could strike most major cities in the US.
The tense stand off has pressed China and the US to develop their defensive systems.
But, it appears Russia is concerned by the huge build up near its borders and has vowed to beef up its military in response.
“The fact such systems are appearing next to out eastern borders creates a new situation, which we cannot ignore”
Sergey Rybakov
The nation’s Foreign Minister Sergey Rybakov said: “The fact such systems are appearing next to out eastern borders creates a new situation, which we cannot ignore in our military planning.”
Russia fears being flanked on both sides and has deployed nuclear missiles on its frontier with Europe as president Vladimir Putin in a direct threat to NATO.
Nuclear-capable missiles were confirmed to have been shipped into the Kaliningrad enclave earlier this week by Lithuanian president Dalia Grybauskaite.
Putin’s western-most territory, the small patch of land lies separate the rest of Russia, and sandwiched between Lithuania and Poland.