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America is in the middle of "reckoning" on sexual harassment we have been told for months now. 

The issue loomed over this month's Golden Globe Awards, prompting CNN's Brian Stelter to write a post under the headline "First a reckoning for harassers, now a reckoning for awards shows.

"Hollywood was on-message — saying this reckoning must be about action, not just talk," Stelter said. 

Lauren Green, who accused Rep. Blake Farenthold, R-Texas, of sexual harassment, told CNN's Anderson Cooper last month that "what is going on right now, it's more than a moment, I think it's a reckoning."

The phrase has been used publications ranging from The New York Times and The Washington Post to BuzzFeed and Jezebel.  A Chicago Tribune columnist called 2017 "the year of the reckoning" and Slate even put together "The Best of the Reckoning." USA TODAY's editorial board wrote of "The sexual harassment reckoning." 

"In interviews with The New York Times, most women agreed that a reckoning for the sexual misdeeds of men in the workplace was a long time coming," wrote Times reporter Nellie Bowles in a Dec. 5 article titled, "A Reckoning on Sexual Misconduct? Absolutely. But How Harsh, Women Ask."

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So what is this reckoning everyone is talking is about? 

Merriam-Webster offers three definitions of reckoning. 

  1. The act of counting or estimating an account, a bill, computations or calculating a ship's position. 
  2. A settling of accounts • a day of reckoning. 
  3. A summing up 

It is the second definition that best applies here, particularly "a day of reckoning," which Merriam-Webster defines as a "time when the consequences of a course of mistakes or misdeeds are felt." 

A day of reckoning can also connote THE day of reckoning, as in Judgement Day, aka Doomsday, aka Armageddon, aka the Big One. The final settling of accounts when God's wrath is unleashed upon the wicked and the righteous are rewarded. 

In other words, it's a time of retribution of biblical proportions.

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While the verb, reckon, is "a word of Germanic origin that dates back to Old English," that meant to sum up, the original meaning of reckoning as a noun was "the action or an act of accounting to God after death for (one's) conduct in life, and also to the occasion of doing this — i.e., the Last Judgement," said Katherine Martin, head of U.S. Dictionaries at Oxford University Press.

The use of reckoning in this sense dates back to the 14th century, although the first use of the phrase day of reckoning is not found until 1547, Martin said.  

"But I wonder how many times people use it today and actually think of the Day of Judgement," said Tim Machan, a professor of English at the University of Notre Dame who specializes in Medieval literature. "For the most part, it's used metaphorically. It's used to suggest something momentous." 

The word was already being used in a secular sense by the end of 14th century. 

According to Martin, "The way that reckoning is being used to refer to contemporary discussions about sexual harassment," fits best with the sixth meaning of the word in the Oxford English Dictionary, "defined as ‘the settlement of accounts or differences between parties’ or ‘the settling of scores or grievances.’ This combines the two main strands of the word’s meaning, which have to do with accounting for actions, on the one hand, and with the numerical calculation, as of financial accounts, on the other." 

OK, what about other reckonings?

History is full of moments that were considered reckonings. The term has been applied to everything from the Protestant Reformation to the reconciliation process following the end of South African Apartheid. The Civil War has been viewed as the United States' reckoning with slavery, although many would argue we are still in the middle of the country's reckoning with its legacy of slavery. 

The Catholic Church faced its own reckoning in the past decades over its long history of covering up sexual abuse. Thousands of accusations eventually led to thousands of priests being defrocked or sanctioned, more than $1 billion in settlements and forced several dioceses to file for bankruptcy protection. 

More: Across the nation, priest sexual abuse cases haunt Catholic parishes

Although Machan found the term is actually used rather sparingly — similar terms like crusade and jihad appear more frequently — the term has often appeared in popular culture from Shakespeare into the present.

In the 1993 film Tombstone, an ailing Doc Holliday, colorfully played by Val Kilmer, commented on the bloody war his friend Wyatt Earp was waging on a gang of outlaws who killed one of his brothers. 

"Make no mistake, it's not revenge he's after. It's a reckoning," the insightful Holliday drawls, implying that his friend's fight runs deeper than mere vengeance.  

Similarly, the #MeToo movement and its corollaries have unleashed a war of retribution upon a host of powerful men who have gotten away with misconduct for far too long.

Framing it as a reckoning makes this moment something more than a backlash. It implies that the score is being settled, and that it will be settled no matter who or what is taken down in the process. 

A reckoning implies, "maybe almost optimistically, something that is coming to a decision," Machan said. "The way you cannot turn back the Day of Judgement, you cannot turn back this day of reckoning."

Indeed, much of the rhetoric around the sexual harassment reckoning implies this moment will resolve the issue, as is implicit in the #TimesUp message from the Golden Globes. 

"I want all the girls watching here, now, to know that a new day is on the horizon," Oprah Winfrey said in her rousing Golden Globes speech. "And when that new day finally dawns, it will be because of a lot of magnificent women, many of whom are right here in this room tonight, and some pretty phenomenal men, fighting hard to make sure that they become the leaders who take us to the time when nobody ever has to say 'Me too' again."

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