The actor decided to donate his pay after reports emerged that co-star Michelle Williams had been paid less than $1,000 (£728) for the same reshoots, which were called after director Scott decided to replace Kevin Spacey with Christopher Plummer in the wake of sexual misconduct allegations against the House Of Cards star.
Plummer and Williams were nominated for Golden Globes for their performances.
Wahlberg said: "Over the last few days my re-shoot fee for All the Money in the World has become an important topic of conversation.
"I 100% support the fight for fair pay and I'm donating the $1.5m to the Time's Up Legal Defence Fund in Michelle Williams' name."
His donation was welcomed by other Hollywood figures on social media, with Mark Ruffalo hailing it as a "classy and admirable move" and Eva Longoria tweeting: "Yes yes yes! Thank you @mark_wahlberg for not only supporting @TIMESUPNW but supporting fair pay for women!"
Another $500,000 (£364,000) will be donated to Time's Up by talent agency William Morris Endeavor, which represents Williams and Wahlberg.
"We are committed to being part of the solution," it said in a statement.
Time's Up was launched by hundreds of leading Hollywood women on New Year's Day to address "the systemic inequality and injustice in the workplace that have kept underrepresented groups from reaching their full potential".
It also aims to generate a fund to provide legal support to people who have experienced sexual harassment in the workplace.
It followed the #MeToo movement, which encouraged victims to speak out in the wake of the Weinstein scandal - and took the 75th annual Golden Globes awards ceremony by storm last week.