MTB continues to evolve so many disciplines/forms that there are a good many different styles of bike under that umbrella, while road (presume you mean regulation road racing bikes?) has mostly one.
But if you look at the old 'path racers' they were long and slack, so fashions have changed the geometry at times. Seems to have distilled into current form for some time now.
If you literally mean 'road bike' (ie not racing specific) then there are many types from the old-school Flying Pigeons and Pashley Guvnors to 20" wheeled compact, from Moulton Spaceframe to many types of recumbent racers and tourers. You probably won't see any of these in the TDF tho*



*regulation innit.