A total of 837 people wearing Father Christmas suits created a festive spectacle in Cocoa Beach, south of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.
They took to the water to help raise $35,000 (£29,500) for two local charities - Grind for Life, which helps people with cancer, and the Florida Surf Museum.
Event organisers said more than 10,000 spectators came to watch.
The Santas were also trying to break the Guinness World Record for the most surfers on one wave.
However, the waves were not big enough.