Portuguese authorities on Tuesday extradited neo-fascist Italian national Maurizio Tramonte to Italy to service a life sentence for his involvement in a deadly bombing.
Tramonte and fellow neo-fascist Carlo Maria Maggi were convicted in 2015 for the 1974 bombing in the northern Italian city of Brescia's Piazza della Loggia, which targeted an anti-fascist trade union rally.
At least eight people were killed and more than 100 others injured in one of the largest attacks to take place during Italy's turbulent "Years of Lead" between the 1960s and 1980s. Many of the victims were teachers and laborers.
Read more: German-speaking Italy and the legacy of fascism
Following the 2015 conviction, Tramonte traveled to Portugal in an attempt to eventually flee Europe. Earlier this year, he was arrested by Portuguese police on a European arrest warrant.
Manlio Milani (center), who lost his wife in the Piazza dell Loggia attack, has fought for decades to ensure justice is served
The 'white coup'
Tramonte was one of several members of the Italian far-right paramilitary group "New Order," which committed several public attacks in a bid to trigger a military takeover dubbed the "white coup" and restore fascist rule.
While far-left terror groups opted for committing targeted assassinations of political leaders at the time, far-right organizations used a strategy that emphasized numerous casualties, bombing public squares, trains and railway station.
Read more: Italy's parliament votes to outlaw fascist symbols, Roman salute
At least 428 people were killed and thousands more injured during politically-motivated attacks committed during the "Years of Lead," according to figures from the Italian Association of the Victims of Terrorism.
Many of those who committed attacks during this time fled Europe, while others sought asylum outside Italy, including in countries such as France and Nicaragua.
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'Never Again': Memorials of terror
Wannsee House
The villa on Berlin's Wannsee lake was pivotal in planning the Holocaust. 15 members of the Nazi government and the SS Schutzstaffel met here on January 20, 1942 to plan what became known as the "Final Solution," the deportation and extermination of all Jews in German-occupied territory. In 1992, the villa where the Wannsee Conference was held was turned into a memorial and museum.
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'Never Again': Memorials of terror
Dachau
The Nazi regime opened the first concentration camp in Dauchau not far from Munich. Just a few weeks after Adolf Hitler came to power it was used by the paramilitary SS "Schutzstaffel" to imprison, torture and kill political opponents to the regime. Dachau also served as a prototype and model for the other Nazi camps that followed.
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'Never Again': Memorials of terror
Nazi party rally grounds
Nuremberg hosted the biggest Nazi party propaganda rallies from 1933 until the start of the Second World War. The annual Nazi party congress as well as rallies with as many as 200,000 participants took place on the 11-km² (4.25 square miles) area. Today, the unfinished Congress Hall building serves as a documentation center and a museum.
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'Never Again': Memorials of terror
Bergen-Belsen
The Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Lower Saxony was initially established as a prisoner of war camp before becoming a concentration camp. Prisoners too sick to work were brought here from other concentration camps, so many also died of disease. One of the 50,000 killed here was Anne Frank, a Jewish girl who gained international fame posthumously after her diary was published.
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'Never Again': Memorials of terror
Memorial to the German Resistance
The Bendlerblock building in Berlin was the headquarters of a military resistance group. On July 20, 1944, a group of Wehrmacht officers around Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg carried out an assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler that failed. The leaders of the conspiracy were summarily shot the same night in the courtyard of the Bendlerblock, which is today the German Resistance Memorial Center.
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'Never Again': Memorials of terror
Hadamar Euthanasia Center
From 1941 people with physical and mental disabilities were killed at a psychiatric hospital in Hadamar in Hesse. Declared "undesirables" by the Nazis, some 15,000 people were murdered here by asphyxiation with carbon monoxide or by being injected with lethal drug overdoses. Across Germany some 70,000 were killed as part of the Nazi-euthanasia program. Today Hadamar is a memorial to those victims.
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'Never Again': Memorials of terror
Holocaust Memorial
Located next to the Brandenburg Gate, Berlin's Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe was inaugurated sixty years after the end of World War II on May 10, 2005, and opened to the public two days later. Architect Peter Eisenman created a field with 2,711 concrete slabs. An attached underground "Place of Information" holds the names of all known Jewish Holocaust victims.
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'Never Again': Memorials of terror
Memorial to persecuted homosexuals
Not too far from the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, another concrete memorial honors the thousands of homosexuals persecuted by the Nazis between 1933 and 1945. The four-meter high monument, which has a window showing alternately a film of two men or two women kissing, was inaugurated in Berlin's Tiergarten on May 27, 2008.
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'Never Again': Memorials of terror
Sinti and Roma Memorial
Opposite the Reichstag parliament building in Berlin, a park inaugurated in 2012 serves as a memorial to the 500,000 Sinti and Roma people killed by the Nazi regime. Around a memorial pool the poem "Auschwitz" by Roma poet Santino Spinelli is written in English, Germany and Romani: "gaunt face, dead eyes, cold lips, quiet, a broken heart, out of breath, without words, no tears."
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'Never Again': Memorials of terror
'Stolpersteine' - stumbling blocks as memorials
In the 1990s, the artist Gunther Demnig began a project to confront Germany's Nazi past. Brass-covered concrete cubes were placed in front of the former houses of Nazi victims, providing details on the person as well as the dates of deportation and death, if known. More than 45,000 "Stolpersteine" have been laid in 18 countries in Europe - it's the world's largest decentralized Holocaust memorial.
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'Never Again': Memorials of terror
Brown House in Munich
Right next to the "Führerbau" where Adolf Hitler had his office, the headquarters of the Nazi Party in Germany were based in the "Brown House" in Munich. A white cube now occupies its former location. A new "Documentation Center for the History of National Socialism" opened on April 30, 2015, 70 years after the liberation of the Nazi regime, uncovering further dark chapters of history.
Author: Max Zander, Ille Simon
