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Senator John McCain of Arizona on Capitol Hill this month. He is likely to miss this week’s vote on the Republican tax overhaul, which is expected to be approved. Credit Al Drago for The New York Times

WASHINGTON — Senator John McCain, who is battling brain cancer, has returned home to Arizona and is likely to miss the Senate’s vote this week to approve a sweeping tax overhaul, though President Trump said on Sunday that the senator would return if his vote was needed.

Mr. McCain’s office said in a statement on Sunday night that the senator, who had been hospitalized recently in the Washington area, would undergo physical therapy and rehabilitation at the Mayo Clinic in Arizona and “looks forward to returning to Washington in January.”

“He is grateful for the excellent care he continues to receive, and appreciates the outpouring of support from people all over the country,” the statement said.

Mr. McCain disclosed in July that he had an aggressive form of brain cancer, for which the median survival is not much more than a year. His office had said on Wednesday that he was receiving treatment at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center for “normal side effects of his ongoing cancer therapy,” and he missed all of the Senate’s votes last week.

In a statement provided by Mr. McCain’s office on Sunday, Dr. Mark R. Gilbert, chief of the neuro-oncology branch at the National Institutes of Health’s National Cancer Institute, offered an upbeat assessment of the senator’s health.

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“Senator McCain has responded well to treatment he received at Walter Reed Medical Center for a viral infection and continues to improve,” Dr. Gilbert said. “An evaluation of his underlying cancer shows he is responding positively to ongoing treatment.”

The absence of Mr. McCain, a Republican, is not expected to jeopardize passage of the tax overhaul, as party leaders won the support of two key holdouts on Friday and had appeared on track to have the support of all 52 Republican senators. The House and Senate are expected to approve the final tax bill by midweek.

Mr. Trump said he had spoken with Mr. McCain’s wife and wished her well.

“They’ve headed back, but I understand he’ll come if we ever needed his vote, which hopefully we won’t,” Mr. Trump said. “He’s going through a very tough time, there’s no question about it. But he will come back if we need his vote.”

On Sunday, Mr. McCain’s daughter Meghan McCain wrote on Twitter, “My father is doing well and we are all looking forward to spending Christmas together in Arizona.”

Mr. McCain’s position on the tax overhaul had been closely watched, as he sank his party’s effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act with a dramatic middle-of-the-night thumbs-down in July. He also voted against the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts that were enacted during the presidency of George W. Bush.

But Mr. McCain ended up voting in favor of the Senate’s version of the tax bill this month. He described the legislation as “far from perfect” but said it would improve the economy. He also said he was pleased that the bill was considered through the Senate’s committee process, a contrast with the effort to pass a health care bill over the summer.

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