Pollution can increase risk of infertility in both men, women

Delhi is reeling under extreme levels of pollution currently. The air quality index has reached an all-time high of 451, which is way beyond the acceptable limits. Such high levels of pollutants can precipitate oxidative stress. The creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause damage to cellular organs, damage DNA, and damage the cell wall, all of which can lead to decreased egg and sperm quality. While it is not possible to point to one single pollutant, the combination of particulate matter, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons seem to be the cause behind reduced fertility. According to a recent research, living within 200 meters of the main road can increase the risk of infertility by 11%. High levels of air pollution and traffic fumes in the cities can cause fertility issues in women. This risk is true even when the levels of particulate matter are relatively low. However, the risk increases with pollution levels. Although the human body has its own defence mechanism, external threats such as pollution can still influence reproductive health through inhalation, ocular and dermal contact, ingestion, and vertical and horizontal transfer - all of which can have negative effects on fertility.